German and Italian Unification

Created by

Joe Smith

Cards (57)

Who were the two men that led the distinct camps of the Italian unification movement?
Mazzini and Count Camillo di Cavour
What was Giuseppe Mazzini's vision for Italy?
A democratic nationalist who believed in an egalitarian and united republican Italy created by the people
What was Count Camillo di Cavour's goal for Italy?
To unify Italy for better economic development and to expel Austria from Northern Italy
What were the four problems with Italian unification?
Cultural differences between North and South
Economic differences between North and South
Different leaders with different interests in North and South
Disagreements about who would rule unified Italy
Which two nations did Cavour seek support from for Italian unification?
Britain and France
Why did the people of Piedmont get involved in the Crimean War?
To gain support from Napoleon III and France
What was the first task of Italian unification?
The expulsion of the Austrians from Northern Italy
What convinced Napoleon III to join Italy's side in the Second Italian Independence War?
He would receive Savoy and Nice as a reward
Who was the king of Piedmont during Italian unification?
King Vittorio Emanuele
Who was the emperor of Austria during Italian unification?
Franz Joseph
Who declared the Second Italian Independence War?
Emperor Franz Joseph
What city of Northern Italy was Piedmont unable to annex due to Napoleon III's withdrawal from the war?
Venetia
Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi?
A man who helped independence movements in Uruguay and Brazil and was a disciple of Giuseppe Mazzini
What were the members of Giuseppe Garibaldi's army called?
The "Red Shirts"
When did Cavour and Napoleon III agree to go to war against Austria?
1858
When did Austria begin drafting Italians for their imperial army?
January 1859
When did Garibaldi land on Sicily with his army?
April 1860
When did Garibaldi declare himself the dictator of Sicily?
May 1860
When did Garibaldi conquer Naples?
September 1860
What did Garibaldi do after he met with Cavour?
He gave each area he liberated to King Vittorio Emanuele
When did King Vittorio Emanuele declare himself King of Italy?
March 1861
What two cities were not part of Italy after it unified under King Vittorio Emanuele?
Rome (controlled by France)
Venetia (controlled by Austria)
What war allowed Italy to annex Venetia?
The Austro-Prussian War of 1866
What war allowed Italy to annex Rome?
The Franco-Prussian War of 1870
What two powers ruled the German Confederation before it unified?
Austria
Prussia
What was the purpose of the Frankfurt Parliament?
To attempt to liberally and ideologically unify Germany
Why was the Frankfurt Parliament ultimately unsuccessful?
German states had a wide variety of interests, making unanimous decisions impossible
What is another name for a landed Prussian noble?
A junker
What ideologies and occupations are junkers usually associated with?
Conservatism and traditional military institutions
When did King Wilhelm I appoint Otto von Bismarck as prime minister?
1862
What were Bismarck's goals in the unification of Germany?
To increase German and Prussian influence in European affairs
To unify Prussia for access to natural resources in Westphalia (Ruhr Basin)
What is "Realpolitik"?
Politics based on what is most useful, rather than ideals
When did the Danish War take place?
February to October 1864
What were the two territories that the Danish War was fought over?
Holstein and Schleswig
Who won the Danish War?
Austria and Germany/Prussia
What is another name for the Danish War?
The Second Schleswig War
When did the Austro-Prussian War take place?
June to August 1866
Why did Bismarck want an alliance with Italy during the Austro-Prussian War?
To force the Austrians into a two-front fight
What were the two main German states that sided with Austria during the Austro-Prussian War?
Hanover and Bavaria
What did Bismarck do as a result of the backlash from the German States during the Austro-Prussian War?
He dissolved the German Confederation