Ch5

• What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?

  The heart, blood vessels, and blood
• What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

  To efficiently pump blood to all body tissues
• Where is the heart located?

  In the thoracic cavity, between the lungs
• What is the pericardium?

  The double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

  
• What does the prefix "peri-" mean?

  Surrounding
• What are the three layers of the heart walls?

  Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

  
• What is the function of the epicardium?

  It is the external layer of the heart and the inner layer of the pericardium
• What is the myocardium?

  The middle and thickest layer of the heart
• What is the endocardium?

  The inner lining of the heart
• What do the coronary arteries supply?

  Oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium
• What happens if the blood supply to the myocardium is disrupted?

  The myocardium of the affected area dies
• How many chambers does the heart have?

  Four chambers
• What are the names of the heart's chambers?

  The right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle

  
• What is the function of the heart valves?

  To control the flow of blood through the heart
• What are the four valves of the heart?

  The tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve, and aortic valve

  
• Where is the tricuspid valve located?

  Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
• What is the function of the pulmonary valve?

  It is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
• Where is the mitral valve located?

  Between the left atrium and left ventricle
• What is the location of the aortic valve?

  Between the left ventricle and the aorta
• What is systemic circulation?

  The flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs
• What is pulmonary circulation?

  The flow of blood only between the heart and lungs

  
• What do the pulmonary arteries do?

  They carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs
• What is the function of the pulmonary veins?

  They carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart
• What are the three types of blood vessels?

  Arteries, capillaries, and veins

  
• What is the role of arteries?


  To carry blood away from the heart to all regions of the body
• What is the largest blood vessel in the body?


  The aorta
• What do the carotid arteries do?


  They carry blood upward to the head
• What are arterioles?

  Smaller, thinner branches of arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries
• What are capillaries?

  The smallest blood vessels in the body, only one epithelial cell in thickness
• What is the role of capillaries?

  To deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the tissues
• What is the function of veins?

  A low-pressure collecting system to return oxygen-poor blood to the heart
• What are venules?

  The smallest veins that join to form larger veins
• What are the venae cavae?

  The two largest veins in the body that return blood into the heart
• What is blood?

  The fluid tissue in the body composed of 55% liquid plasma and 45% formed elements
• What is plasma?

  A straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products
• What percentage of plasma is water?

  92%
• What are fibrinogen and prothrombin?

  Clotting proteins found in plasma that play a role in clot formation
• What are the formed elements of blood?

  Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

  
• What are leukocytes?

  White blood cells involved in defending the body against infective organisms
• What does the prefix "leuk/o" mean?

  White