Physics

• name the different 8 energy stores

  thermal

  gravitational potential

  elastic potential

  magnetic

  chemical

  electrostatic

  nuclear

  kinetic
• what is the law of conservation of energy


  energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred
• list the 5 different ways that energy can be transferred

  mechanically

  electrically

  through heating

  via infrared radiation

  via light or sound waves
• what is a system


  an object or group of objects
• what is an open system


  an open system can gain or lose energy to the 'outside world
• what is a closed system


  a closed system cannot gain or lose energy to the 'outside world
• what is work done


  energy transferred
• what is mechanical work done


  using force to move an object
• what is electrical work done


  when current flows, the energy required to overcome the resistance in the wires
• define kinetic energy


  the energy an object possesses due to its motion
• what is the equation for kinetic energy


  1/2 x mass x speed^2 (1/2mv^2)
• standard units for mass


  kg
• standard units for velocity

  m/s
• define gravity


  a force of attraction between two objects
• what does the size of gravity depend on


  mass of the two objects

  how far away those objects are
• what is a gravitational field


  the field of influence around an object
• what is the strength of a gravitation field called

  gravitational field strength (g)
• what is the gfs on earth


  9.8N/Kg
• what is the gfs on the moon


  1.6N/Kg
• equation for weight


  mass x gravitational field strength (W=mg)
• standard unit for weight

  newtons
• what is weight


  the force of gravity on an object in a gravitational field
• equation for gravitational potential energy


  mass x gravitational field strength x height
• unit for gravitational field strength


  N/Kg
• standard unit for height

  m
• what happens to KE as an object rises


  it is converted to GPE
• what happens to GPE as an object falls


  it is converted to KE
• what does KE lost equal


  GPE gained
• what does GPE lost equal


  KE gained
• define internal energy


  the total energy stored by the particles making up a substance or system
• what happens when you heat a substance

  energy gets transferred to the particles kinetic energy store, increasing their internal energy
• define temperature


  a measure of the average internal energy of a substance
• define specific heat capacity


  the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C
• what can specific heat capacity also be thought of as


  the amount of energy released as a substance cools
• equation for specific heat capacity


  ∆ E = m c ∆ θ

  change in internal energy (joules) = mass (Kg) x specific heat capacity (J/Kg/x change in temperature
• what is wasted energy


  energy to forms other than the one we intended
• what is everything outside of a system known as


  the environment
• what happens to the overall energy of a closed system


  is doesn't change
• what happens to dissipated energy


  it is lost to the surroundings
• how is heat transferred in solids


  by conduction