topic 2 - cells and control

• What do chromosomes contain?

  Genetic information
• Where is genetic material located in most cells of the body?

  In the nucleus
• What are chromosomes made of?

  Coiled lengths of DNA molecules
• What does it mean for body cells to be 'diploid'?

  They have two copies of each chromosome
• From whom do body cells receive their chromosomes?

  One from the mother and one from the father
• What happens during mitosis?

  A cell divides to produce two identical cells
• What is the purpose of the cell cycle in multicellular organisms?

  To produce new cells for growth and repair
• What is the stage of the cell cycle when the cell divides called?

  Mitosis
• How do multicellular organisms use mitosis?

  To grow or replace damaged cells
• What is a form of reproduction that involves mitosis?

  Asexual reproduction
• How do strawberry plants reproduce asexually?

  By forming runners through mitosis
• What are the main stages of the cell cycle?

  1. Interphase
  2. Mitosis
  3. Cytokinesis
• What happens to DNA in a cell that is not dividing?

  It is spread out in long strings
• What must a cell do before it divides?

  Grow and duplicate its DNA
• What shape do chromosomes take after DNA is copied?


  1. shaped
• What occurs during prophase of mitosis?

  Chromosomes condense and the nuclear membrane breaks down
• What happens during metaphase of mitosis?

  Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
• What is the role of spindle fibers during anaphase?

  They pull the chromosomes apart
• What occurs during telophase of mitosis?

  Membranes form around each set of chromosomes
• What is cytokinesis?

  The process where the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two separate cells
• What do the two new daughter cells produced at the end of mitosis contain?

  The same sets of chromosomes as each other and the parent cell
• How can you calculate the number of cells after multiple divisions by mitosis?

  Using the formula: number of cells = $2^n$, where 'n' is the number of divisions
• What are the stages of mitosis?

  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
• What is the significance of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

  • Growth of the organism
  • Repair of damaged tissues
  • Asexual reproduction in some species