Group 2

• What is an alternative name for group 2

  Alkaline earth metals
• What is the general electron arrangement in Group 2

  They all have two electrons in an outer s-orbital
• As you go down the group what happens to the distance between the outer s-orbital and the nucleus

  Increases
• What happens to the size of atoms as you go down group 2

  It increases
• Why does the size of atoms increase as you go down group 2

  It gains a new main level shell each time
• What are the typical melting points of group 2 elements and what structure causes this

  1. High melting points
  2. Giant metallic strucutre
• What is the structure of the group 2 elements

  Giant metallic structure
• Where are electrons located in giant metallic structures

  They form a sea of electrons
• Why is the melting point of magnesium so low

  No one f**king knows
• What happens in all reactions of group 2 elements


  They from ions with two positive ions
• What is the equation for the complete ionisation of M(g)

  M (g) -> M (g) 2+ + 2e-
• What is the trend in first and second ionisation energies as you go down the group

  Decreases
• What is the trend in density down group 2

  It is increasing
• What is limestone


  Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
• What is the molecular name and formula for quicklime

  Calcium Oxide, CaO
• What is the equation for heat decomposition of Limestone

  CaCo3(s) -> CaO(s) +CO2(g)
• What are the two calcium based compounds that are used to neutralise acids in soil

  Lime (Calcium oxide, CaO) and slaked lime (Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2)
• What is the equation for the reaction of Lime with Hydrochloric acid

  CaO(s) +2HCl(aq) -> CaCl2(aq) +H20(l)
• What is the equation for the reaction with slaked lime with hydrochloric acid

  Ca(OH)2(s) +2HCl(aq) -> CaCl2(aq) +2H2O(l)
• Are group 2 metals oxidised or reduced

  Oxidised
• What is the typical change in oxidation state of group 2 metals in reaction

  0 -> +2
• What is the trend in reactivity with water as you go down group 2

  The metals get more reactive with water going down the group
• What is special about the reaction of group 2 metals with water

  It is a redox reaction
• What is the general reaction for group 2 metals with water using M to represent the group 2 metal

  M(s) +2H2O(l) -> M(OH)2(aq) +H2(g)
• What is the function of milk of magnesia

  Remedies to neutralise excess stomach acid which causes heartburn, indigestion, and wind
• How quickly does Magneisum react with cold water

  Very slowly
• How quickly does magnesium react with steam

  Rapidly
• What is the general word equation for Magnesium + Steam

  Magnesium + Steam -> Magnesium Oxide + Hydrogen
• What is the equation for Magnesium and steam

  Mg(s) +H2O(g) -> MgO(s) +H2(g)
• What are the properties of Titanium that make it very useful

  It is strong, low density, and has a high melting point
• Name one medical use of Titanium

  Replacement hip joints
• How are most metals found in Earth

  As metal oxides
• What is the general equation for extracting a metal oxide

  Metal oxide + Carbon -> Metal + Carbon Dioxide
• What would form if you added carbon to Titanium oxide

  It will form titanium carbide, TiC, Which makes the metal brittle
• What is the equation to make TiCl4 From TiO2

  TiO2 + 2Cl2 + 2C -> TiCl4 + 2CO
• What is the equation to make Ti(s) from TiCl4(l)

  TiCl4(l) +2Mg(s) -> 2MgCl2(s) +Ti(s)
• What is the trend of solubility of group 2 Hydroxides going down the group

  Increases
• What is the molecular name and formula for milk of magnesia

  Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2
• What is the appearance of all group 2 hydroxides

  White solids
• is Milk of magnesia a solution

  No, it is instead a suspension in water