Proteins

• What is the structure of an amino acid?

  It is made up of an amine group, a functional group, and a carboxyl group.

  
• What is the formation and breakdown of a dipeptide?

  Formation > Condensation

  Breakdown > Hydrolisis

  
• What is a Primary structure?

  Sequence of amino acids, held together by peptide bonds.
• What is a Secondary structure?

  Polypeptide chains fold into either beta-pleated sheets or alpha-helix (both held together by hydrogen bonds).
• What is a Tertiary structure?

  > 3D Shape

  > Only one polypeptide chain

  > A very complex shape held together by a variety of bonds:

  • Hydrogen bonds
  • Ionic bonds - oppositely charged R groups
  • Disulfide bridge [S-S] (Cysteine)
  • Charge interactions - R groups repel/attract
  • Hydrophilic - R groups are on the inside
  • Hydrophobic - R groups are on the outside
• What is a Quaternary structure?

  > More than one polypeptide chain

  > Has all the same bonds as Tertiary structure