Topic 4

• What is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen?

  Photosynthesis
• What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

  6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
• Where does photosynthesis take place in plants?

  In leaves, specifically in chloroplasts
• What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?

  Chlorophyll absorbs energy for the reaction
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

  Endothermic reaction
• What do plants primarily use glucose for?

  Cellular respiration
• What are some products made from glucose in plants?

  • Cellulose
  • Starch
  • Amino acids
  • Oils and fats
• What are the four factors that affect photosynthesis?

  1. Light intensity
  2. Temperature
  3. Carbon dioxide concentration
  4. Chlorophyll concentration
• What happens to photosynthesis if there is less chlorophyll?

  Photosynthesis decreases
• What can cause damage to chloroplasts?

  Disease, lack of nutrients, and environmental factors
• What is cellular respiration?

  A process that transfers energy from glucose
• What type of respiration occurs continuously in living cells?

  Aerobic respiration
• What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

  C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  Respiration that occurs without oxygen
• What is produced during anaerobic respiration in muscles?

  Lactic acid
• Why do we prefer aerobic respiration over anaerobic respiration?

  Aerobic respiration is more efficient and does not produce lactic acid
• What is fermentation in plants?

  Glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What happens during exercise in relation to oxygen and cellular respiration?

  • Increased cellular respiration
  • Increased breathing rate and volume
  • Muscles require more energy
  • Anaerobic respiration may occur due to oxygen debt
• What is oxygen debt?

  The amount of oxygen required to break down lactic acid after exercise
• How can you investigate the effects of exercise on the body?

  By measuring breathing rate and heart rate
• What is the role of enzymes in cellular respiration?

  Enzymes catalyze the reactions
• What is metabolism?

  The combination of all chemical processes that occur within a living organism
• What is the main purpose of energy released during cellular respiration?

  To build larger molecules, maintain body temperature, and enable muscular contraction