football hooliganism

• What is the key question in social psychology regarding football hooliganism?

  How can knowledge of social psychology be used to explain football hooliganism and can anything be done to reduce the problem?
• What does A01 focus on in the context of football violence?

  • Describing the problems caused by football violence in society
  • Not focused on psychological theory or research
• What is one problem that football violence creates in society?

  It requires more police presence in local areas, costing taxpayers.
• How did the pandemic highlight police resource allocation related to football violence?

  During the 2020/21 season, arrests and policing costs decreased when fans were allowed in reduced numbers.
• What was the cost of policing for Leeds United during the 2020/21 season?

  £11,744
• What was the average cost of policing per game for Leeds United in the 2018/19 season?

  £4,700
• How much did Merseyside Police spend on Liverpool home games during the same period?

  Almost £400,000 per season
• What is the total annual cost spent on policing football matches in the UK?

  £48 million per year
• How much can police claim back from clubs for policing costs?

  About £5.5 million
• What is the cost of one ambulance trip related to football violence?

  £419
• What are some of the costs to the NHS due to football violence?

  Costs include treatment for injuries like stitches, broken bones, and psychological damage.
• What types of property damage occur due to football violence?

  Public transport systems, shops, and homes can be vandalized or damaged.
• What are some consequences for people living near football grounds?

  They may experience property damage and increased insurance costs.
• What are some other societal costs of football violence?

  Police injuries, innocent bystanders hurt, and psychological damage to children.
• How can knowledge of social psychology be applied to football violence?

  By applying theories like Realistic Conflict Theory and Social Identity Theory.
• What does Social Identity Theory suggest about football fans?

  Fans categorize themselves as part of an in-group and view rival fans as an out-group.
• What is the role of social comparison in football hooliganism?

  Fans compare their team favorably to rivals, which can escalate hostility.
• How does Realistic Conflict Theory explain football hooliganism?

  It explains it through competition for limited resources, leading to intergroup hostility.
• What situational factor plays a key role in hooliganism?

  Social norms that encourage violence within certain fan groups.
• What is deindividuation in the context of football crowds?

  It is the loss of self-awareness in a crowd, leading to extreme behavior.
• What interventions could reduce football hooliganism?

  • Encourage positive interactions between rival fans (contact theory)
  • Promote shared objectives (superordinate goals)
  • Change social norms within fan cultures
  • Increase police visibility and security measures
• What is the impact of hooliganism on local businesses?

  Shopkeepers may lose revenue and need to invest in security measures.
• How does football violence affect children living near stadiums?

  Children can suffer psychological damage from witnessing violence.
• What is the effect of hooliganism on police resources?

  It strains police resources and increases costs for taxpayers.
• What is the significance of the Minimal Groups Experiment in relation to football violence?

  It illustrates how categorization can lead to in-group favoritism and out-group hostility.
• How can changing social norms help reduce hooliganism?

  By promoting positive behavior through public campaigns and reducing anonymity in crowds.