DNA

• What is DNA?

  DNA is the genetic material found in the chromosomes in the nuclei of cells.
• What is DNA made of?

  DNA is a polymer made of many monomers called nucleotides.
• How can DNA be extracted from fruit?

  1. Grind the fruit with sand to separate the cells.
  2. Add detergent to break open the membranes.
  3. Add ice-cold alcohol to precipitate the DNA.
• What are the letters representing the bases in DNA?

  The letters are A, C, T, and G.
• What is the dominant allele for coat colour in rabbits?

  The dominant allele for coat colour in rabbits is B (brown).
• What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for the coat colour alleles in rabbits?

  Genotypes and their corresponding phenotypes:

  • BB: brown coat
  • Bb: brown coat
  • bb: black coat
• When does the effect of a recessive allele show in a genotype?

  The effect of the recessive allele shows when two copies are present in the genotype.
• What is the difference between a gene and an allele?

  A gene is a segment of DNA, while an allele is a variant of a gene.
• What is a Punnett square used for?

  • A Punnett square shows how phenotypes are inherited.
  • It illustrates the possible offspring from their parents.
  • It does not show the actual offspring.
• What was the predicted outcome of breeding a heterozygous brown rabbit with a homozygous recessive black rabbit?

  The predicted outcome is that some offspring would be brown and some would be black.
• What was the actual outcome of the rabbit breeding experiment?

  All four baby rabbits were black.
• What should be included in the answer when using a Punnett square?

  The answer should include a diagram and a comment on the predicted versus actual outcome.
• What is a gene?

  A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait.
• What is a genome?

  A genome is the complete set of genes or genetic material in an organism.
• What is monohybrid inheritance?

  Monohybrid inheritance is the inheritance of a single trait controlled by one gene.