Confucianism

• Who founded Confucianism?

  Confucius
• What does Confucianism emphasize?

  Moral development, social harmony, and respect within relationships
• What does Li (禮) refer to in Confucianism?

  Rituals, proper conduct, and social norms
• Why are rituals important in Confucianism?

  They are essential to maintaining harmony and order in society
• What is Xiao in Confucianism?

  Filial piety, or respect and duty to parents and ancestors
• How does Xiao contribute to society according to Confucianism?

  It fosters family and social stability
• What does Ren (仁) represent in Confucianism?

  Humaneness or benevolence
• What is the ideal moral quality that individuals should cultivate according to Confucianism?

  Compassion and kindness towards others
• What are the Five Relationships emphasized in Confucianism?

  Ruler-subject, father-son, husband-wife, elder brother-younger brother, friend-friend
• What is the purpose of the Five Relationships in Confucianism?

  To promote social harmony
• What is a Junzi in Confucianism?

  A person of noble character who acts according to Confucian principles
• What virtues does a Junzi demonstrate?

  Respect, integrity, and proper conduct
• Who is Mencius in the context of Confucianism?

  A Confucian philosopher who argued that human nature is inherently good
• What did Mencius believe about human nature?

  It can be cultivated through self-reflection and education
• Who is Xunzi in Confucianism?

  A Confucian scholar who believed human nature is inherently selfish and evil
• What did Xunzi argue was necessary for moral behavior?

  Rigorous education and discipline
• What are the Four Sprouts according to Mencius?

  Compassion, shame, respect, and a sense of right and wrong
• What do the Four Sprouts represent in Confucianism?

  Innate moral qualities humans possess
• What does Heaven (Tian) symbolize in Confucianism?

  A moral force or natural order that guides ethical behavior
• What does Heaven signify for emperors in Confucianism?

  The authority to rule as the "Son of Heaven"
• What is ancestor worship in Confucianism?

  The practice of honoring deceased family members
• Why is ancestor worship practiced in Confucianism?

  To ensure continued blessings and support from ancestors
• What are Hun and Po in Chinese belief?

  The two souls, with hun ascending after death and po remaining with the body
• What does the Book of Rites detail?

  Various rituals for marriage, mourning, and social functions
• Why is Confucianism referred to as Ritual Religion (Li-Jiao)?

  Due to its emphasis on rituals as expressions of religious life
• What is the role of the Son of Heaven in Confucianism?

  To mediate between Heaven and Earth with special responsibilities
• Who is Shangdi in ancient Chinese belief?

  The supreme deity to whom sacrifices were made by emperors
• What is the Temple of Heaven?

  A historical site where emperors offered sacrifices to Heaven
• What is the Capping Ceremony in Confucianism?

  A rite marking the transition of young men into adulthood
• What does the Capping Ceremony symbolize?

  Readiness for societal responsibilities
• What is the Cult of Ancestors?

  The tradition of venerating family ancestors through rituals
• How does the Cult of Ancestors reinforce family values?

  Through rituals and offerings that promote family loyalty
• What is the Three-Year Mourning Period in Confucianism?

  A mourning practice where family members honor the deceased for three years
• What do family members do during the Three-Year Mourning Period?

  Wear special clothing and observe rituals to show respect