18th Century/ Industrialisation. Prisons

• Around the 18 century laws started to increase severely. Following the civil war. Called the bloody code
• Poaching and the black act became illegal in 1723. Black act was blacking out ones face so you were unrecognisable
• Reasons why highway robbery became more common:

  • Roads werent policed
  • Handguns easy and cheap to buy
  • Horses cheap
  • More trade between towns
• Smuggling became a crime in 1785. People liked it.
• The bloody code had 50 capital crimes. Black act 1723 increased this to 200 capital crimes.
• First police force in london formed by Sir Robert Peel. 1829

  The police act 1825 required all areas to have police

  CID set up ion 1878
• Punishment started to become centralised on a national level. Goverment needed to keep tabs on everything with the growing population and migration
• Why was transportation popular?


  Nobody liked the bloody code. Prisons were only short term. No developed system for long term prisoners.

  Transportation started around 1660s. Ended 1770.
• When did transportation to australia start?


  1787
• In australia convicts would either be

  • servant or work on land
  • poor as they had no money to pay to return
  • setting themselves a new life in Australia
• When did Australian transportation end and why?

  1857

  • People saw it as a soft punishment
  • Felt it was not effective
  • Australians hated British convicts
  • Cheaper and practical to keep them in Britain
• The Tol puddle martyrs were punished and sent to Australia . They made a trade union in 1834
• When did both transportations and public executions end ?

  1868