endo male reproduction

Created by

savi

Cards (71)

What is the primary focus of the learning objectives regarding the HPG axis?
To explain its regulation and negative feedback mechanisms
What factors are mentioned that can affect the HPG axis?
Stress, obesity, and anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS)
What triggers puberty according to the learning objectives?
The regulation of the HPG axis
What are the functions of Sertoli and Leydig cells?
Sertoli cells support sperm production, while Leydig cells produce testosterone
How does testicular hormone secretion change across age?
It varies and can lead to endocrine dysfunctions
What are primary sex characteristics?
Characteristics present at birth, including internal and external genitalia
What initiates the development of male-typical external genitalia?
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) produced from testosterone
What is the role of the SRY gene?
It directs male development
What hormone maintains the Wolffian duct?
Testosterone
What are the two principal functions of the testes?
Sperm production and testosterone synthesis
What happens to Leydig cells shortly after birth?
They regress and die
What stimulates Leydig cells to proliferate and differentiate at puberty?
Secretion of LH
What is the primary role of Leydig cells?
Synthesis and secretion of testosterone
What is spermatogenesis?
The development of sperm cells through mitotic and meiotic divisions
How long does spermatogenesis take?
Approximately 72 days
What do Sertoli cells do?
Support and nourish immature sperm cells
What is the blood-testis barrier?
A physical barrier formed by tight junctions between Sertoli cells
What is the function of inhibin B?
To regulate FSH through negative feedback
What is the principal steroid hormone produced from the testes?
Testosterone
What could cause the absence of testicular enlargement by age 14?
Genetic delay, undernutrition, or illness
What happens to reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics during puberty?
They mature and develop, including increased muscle mass and facial hair
What is functional or persistent hypogonadism?
A condition characterized by low testosterone levels
What is the role of KISS neurons in the regulation of GnRH neurons?
KISS neurons relay signals from the periphery to GnRH neurons
How do KISS neurons respond to energy balance?
They receive signals about energy balance and convey this to GnRH neurons
What is the significance of the blood-testis barrier?
It isolates differentiating sperm cells from the bloodstream
What is the relationship between inhibin B and FSH?
Inhibin B regulates FSH levels through negative feedback
What is the role of SHBG in testosterone transport?
SHBG binds testosterone and transports it in the bloodstream
How does testosterone affect secondary sex characteristics during puberty?
It promotes the development of features like facial hair and increased muscle mass
What are Sertoli cells involved in?
Spermatogenesis
What is the primary bioactive hormone produced by Sertoli cells?
Inhibin B
What is the function of Inhibin B in the male reproductive system?
It regulates FSH through negative feedback
How does Inhibin B affect the gene encoding the β-subunit of FSH?
It inhibits the transcription of the gene
How is testosterone transported in the body?
Via carrier proteins like SHBG and Albumin
What does testosterone bind to in the cells?
Intracellular androgen receptors
What is the relationship between the Androgen Receptor (AR) and DHT?
AR has a higher affinity for DHT than testosterone
What are some secondary sex characteristics that emerge during puberty?
Pubic/facial hair, oil glands, and increased muscle mass
What happens to reproductive tissues during puberty?
They enlarge
What physical changes occur to the larynx during puberty?
The larynx enlarges and vocal cords thicken
What is the effect of puberty on sexual behavior?
It increases sexual behavior (libido)
What is a sign of delayed puberty in males?
Absence of testicular enlargement by age 14