4) QA X-RAY

• What is the aim of the QA programme in radiology?

  To review the types of tests and measurement.

  
• How do tests and measurements affect dose and image quality?

  They ensure that standards of quality are being met.
• What does understanding the machine cycle involve?

  It involves knowing the stages of operation for X-ray imaging systems.
• What is the role of radiographers and MPE in QA?

  They ensure the quality assurance processes are followed.
• What does QA stand for?

  Quality Assurance
• What is the definition of Quality Assurance according to Merriam-Webster?

  A programme for systematic monitoring and evaluation of quality standards.
• What is a requirement under the Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2017?

  To provide a suitable quality assurance programme for equipment.

  
• What types of tests are included in QA?

  Commissioning, acceptance, monitoring, and annual tests.
• What is the tolerance for beam alignment at 100 cm FFD?

  +/- 1 cm
• What tools are used for measuring X-ray output?

  Ionisation chambers and semiconductor detectors.
• What parameters are checked in Automatic Exposure Control?

  kV, mA, thickness of attenuator, and time.
• What does the Leeds Test Object T010 assess?

  Spatial resolution and image quality.
• What does the IR(ME)R 2017 require regarding testing?

  Adequate testing before clinical service and after major maintenance.
• Why are vague terms like 'suitable' and 'adequate' used in regulations?

  To cover a range of equipment types.
• What should the QA programme specify?

  The frequency of testing and appropriate action levels.
• What special attention should be paid in the QA programme?

  Equipment for children, health screening, and high dose procedures.
• What are the four stages of checks applicable to X-ray imaging systems?

  Critical Examination, Acceptance, Commissioning, Routine performance testing.
• What is the purpose of the Critical Examination (CE)?

  To ensure safety features and warning devices operate correctly.
• What does acceptance testing verify?

  That all specified equipment has been supplied and tested adequately.
• Who usually performs commissioning tests?

  A representative of the employer, usually Medical Physics.
• What is the purpose of routine testing?

  To look for changes in performance that indicate remedial action is required.
• What does IPEM Report 91 provide?

  Recommended standards for routine performance testing of diagnostic X-ray imaging systems.

  
• What does the remedial level indicate?

  Performance at which remedial action is required, but the unit may continue to be used.
• What is the suspension level in QA?

  A level of performance at which equipment should be removed from clinical use immediately.
• What should be documented as part of the QA programme?

  All QA tests and results, including remedial actions.
• What is the role of Medical Physics in QA?

  To advise on the QA programme and monitor performance.
• What is the significance of optimising X-ray imaging systems?

  To ensure the most effective use of equipment while maintaining safety.
• What are the key components of the QA programme in radiology?


  • Systematic monitoring and evaluation
  • Compliance with regulations
  • Regular testing and documentation
  • Focus on patient and staff safety
• What are the recommended testing frequencies in IPEM Report 91?

  • Varies from daily to three yearly
  • Level 1 tests are essential for good practice
  • Level 2 tests are best practice but not essential
• What types of tests are performed in mammography according to IPEM Report 91?

  • Processing tests
  • Viewing monitors
  • AEC tests
  • Limiting spatial resolution
  • Image quality with test phantoms
• What are the responsibilities of a senior radiographer in QA?

  • Supervise the QA programme
  • Allocate time for testing
  • Ensure documentation of all QA tests
• What is the importance of QA in radiology?

  • Identifies equipment deterioration
  • Ensures patient and staff safety
  • Achieves ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable)
  • Ensures legislative compliance
• What are the key aspects of the role of Medical Physics in Diagnostic Radiology?

  • Advising on QA programme
  • Monitoring performance
  • Ensuring compliance with regulations
  • Conducting audits and risk assessments