Organisation (biology t2p1)

• What is the first step in the process of breathing?

  Air enters through the mouth and nose
• What is the second step in the process of breathing?

  Air travels down the trachea
• What are the main components of the human circulatory system?

  • Heart
  • Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
  • Blood
• Why is the human circulatory system described as a double circulatory system?

  Because blood passes through the heart twice for every circle around the body
• What does the right ventricle do in the circulatory system?

  The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs for gas exchange
• What is the function of the left ventricle in the circulatory system?

  The left ventricle pumps blood around the rest of the body
• How is heart rate controlled?

  By a group of cells in the right atrium that generate electrical impulses
• What is the purpose of an artificial pacemaker?

  To control irregular heartbeats
• What are some key terms related to the circulatory system?

  • Alveoli
  • Amylase
  • Aorta
  • Artery
  • Atrium
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchiole
  • Capillary
  • Cardiac
  • Coronary
  • Double circulatory system
  • Lipase
  • Organ
  • Organ system
  • Plasma
  • Platelet
  • Protease
  • Pulmonary
  • Tissue
  • Vein
  • Vena cava
  • Ventricle
• What is the function of alveoli in the lungs?

  They facilitate gas exchange
• What is the role of amylase in the digestive system?

  It breaks down carbohydrates
• What is the function of the aorta?

  It carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
• What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

  They allow for the exchange of substances between blood and tissues
• How does the structure of arteries relate to their function?

  They have thick, elasticated walls to withstand high pressure
• How does the structure of veins relate to their function?

  They have valves and thinner walls to prevent backflow at low pressure
• How does the structure of capillaries relate to their function?

  They have a one-cell-thick wall to provide a short diffusion distance
• What structures does air pass through when breathing?

  • Mouth/Nose
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
• What is the function of red blood cells?

  To transport oxygen throughout the body
• What is the role of white blood cells?

  To fight infections and produce antibodies
• What is the function of platelets in the blood?

  To prevent blood loss by forming clots
• What is plasma in the context of blood?

  It is the liquid component that carries cells and nutrients
• What is the significance of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

  It binds to oxygen for transport
• What is the role of hormones in the blood?

  To regulate various bodily functions
• What waste products are carried in the blood?

  Urea, carbon dioxide, and other metabolic wastes
• How does the structure of the heart support its function?

  It has chambers that separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
• What happens to deoxygenated blood in the heart?

  It is pumped from the right side to the lungs
• What happens to oxygenated blood in the heart?

  It is pumped from the left side to the rest of the body
• What is the function of the vena cava?

  To carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
• What is the function of the aorta?

  To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
• What are the five levels of organization in living organisms?

  Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
• What are cells in the context of organization in animals?

  Cells are the basic building blocks of living organisms
• What is the role of tissues in the organization of animals?

  Tissues are groups of cells that have similar structures and functions
• What is the function of the gall bladder?

  The gall bladder stores bile
• What is the significance of bile in digestion?

  Bile is alkaline and emulsifies fats
• What are organs in the context of organization in animals?

  Organs are groups of tissues working together to perform a specific function
• What are organ systems?

  Organ systems are groups of organs working together
• How do organ systems relate to organisms?

  Organ systems work together, forming an organism
• What is the function of the lungs in the context of organization in animals?

  The lungs are part of the organ systems that facilitate respiration
• What is the relationship between organ systems and the overall function of an organism?

  Organ systems work together to maintain the life processes of an organism
• How do the levels of organization in animals contribute to their overall function?

  Each level of organization builds upon the previous one to create complex systems