Questionnaires

• What are the two types of questionnaires?

  Open Question and Closed Question
• What is an Open Question in a questionnaire?

  It allows participants to answer freely without restrictions
• What type of data does an Open Question collect?

  Qualitative data
• What is a Closed Question in a questionnaire?

  It consists of questions with a fixed number of responses
• What type of data does a Closed Question collect?

  Quantitative data
• What are examples of Closed Questions?

  • Likert scale
  • Rating scales
  • Fixed choice scales
• How does a Likert scale function?

  Respondents indicate their level of agreement with a statement
• What is the purpose of a rating scale in questionnaires?

  It allows respondents to identify a value representing their feelings
• What are fixed choice scales in questionnaires?

  They include a list of options for respondents to choose from
• What are the strengths of using questionnaires?

  • Rich in depth and detail
  • Useful for sensitive topics
  • Easy to analyze and compare data
• What are the limitations of using questionnaires?

  • Difficult to convert to statistical data
  • Lack of depth and detail
  • Can be limiting for participants
• What are additional strengths of questionnaires?

  • Cost-effective
  • Gathers large amounts of data quickly
  • Researcher presence not required
  • Responses can be anonymous
• What are additional limitations of questionnaires?

  • Uncertainty about target population's responses
  • Time-consuming to design
  • Validity issues due to biases
• What biases can affect questionnaire responses?

  • Social desirability bias
  • Participant bias (time, age, gender)
  • Response bias (acquiescence bias)
• What factors should be considered when constructing questionnaires?

  • Clarity of questions
  • Avoiding jargon and leading questions
  • Sequencing questions appropriately
  • Including filler questions
  • Conducting a pilot study
• What are the two main types of interviews?

  Structured and Unstructured
• What characterizes a Structured interview?

  It involves predetermined questions asked in a specific order
• What is a key strength of Structured interviews?

  Standardization is possible
• What is a key limitation of Structured interviews?

  Interviewer bias can affect the results
• What characterizes an Unstructured interview?

  Questions develop as the interview progresses
• What is a strength of Unstructured interviews?

  They allow for more depth and detail in responses
• What is a limitation of Unstructured interviews?

  Data analysis can be difficult due to irrelevant information
• What is a Semi-Structured interview?

  • Most questions are predetermined
  • Interviewer can ask follow-up questions
• What factors should be considered when constructing interviews?

  • Recording information methods
  • Ethical issues (informed consent, confidentiality)
  • Appropriate location for comfort
  • Starting with neutral questions