bio psych

• What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?


  Central and peripheral nervous systems
• What are the components of the peripheral nervous system?

  Somatic and autonomic nervous systems
• What are the three types of neurons mentioned?

  Sensory, relay, and motor neurons
• What is synaptic transmission?

  The process of neurotransmitters transmitting signals between neurons
• What role do neurotransmitters play in synaptic transmission?

  They facilitate communication between neurons
• What is the function of the endocrine system?

  To regulate bodily functions through glands and hormones
• What is the fight or flight response?

  A physiological reaction to perceived danger
• What role does adrenaline play in the fight or flight response?

  It prepares the body for immediate action
• What is meant by localization of function in the brain?

  The idea that specific areas of the brain are responsible for specific functions
• What are Broca's and Wernicke's areas responsible for?

  Language processing and production
• What is split-brain research?

  Studies on patients with severed corpus callosum
• What does plasticity in the brain refer to?

  The brain's ability to adapt and reorganize itself
• What are the methods used to study the brain?

  fMRI, EEGs, event-related potentials, and post-mortem examinations
• What are biological rhythms?

  Regular cycles of biological activity in organisms
• What are the three types of biological rhythms?

  Circadian, infradian, and ultradian rhythms
• What is the difference between endogenous pacemakers and exogenous zeitgebers?

  Endogenous pacemakers are internal biological clocks, while exogenous zeitgebers are external cues
• How does the central nervous system contribute to conscious awareness?

  It processes and integrates sensory information
• How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems differ in function?

  The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action, while the parasympathetic system calms it down
• What is the role of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

  It transfers messages between the brain and the body and controls reflex actions
• What is the function of the somatic nervous system?

  It maintains communication between the CNS and the outside world
• What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?

  It regulates involuntary bodily functions and maintains homeostasis
• What are the two components of the autonomic nervous system?

  Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
• How does the sympathetic nervous system affect heart rate?

  It increases heart rate in response to stress
• How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect the body?

  It returns the body to its normal resting state
• What are the similarities and differences between the central nervous system and the spinal cord?

  Similarities:

  • Both control involuntary processes
  • Both are part of the nervous system

  
  

  Differences:

  • The brain provides conscious awareness and higher-order thinking
  • The spinal cord is responsible for simple reflex actions
• What are the similarities and differences between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

  Similarities:

  • Both are part of the peripheral nervous system
  • Both respond to external stimuli

  
  

  Differences:

  • Somatic has sensory and motor pathways; autonomic has only motor pathways
  • Autonomic controls internal organs; somatic controls muscles and movement
• What is the role of the somatic nervous system?

  It maintains communication between the CNS and the outside world
• What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

  It prepares the body for fight or flight responses
• What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

  It returns the body to its normal resting state
• How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work together?

  They balance each other to maintain homeostasis in the body
• What is the role of the central nervous system?

  It processes information and coordinates responses
• What is the role of the spinal cord?

  It transfers messages between the brain and the body
• What is the function of sensory receptors in the somatic nervous system?

  They carry information to the spinal cord and brain
• What is the role of motor pathways in the somatic nervous system?

  They allow the brain to control movement
• What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in homeostasis?

  It regulates internal processes like blood pressure
• How does the autonomic nervous system maintain homeostasis?

  By regulating involuntary bodily functions
• What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress?

  It prepares the body for fight or flight
• What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system after a stressful event?

  It returns the body to its normal resting state
• How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems interact during a stressful situation?

  The sympathetic system activates the fight or flight response, while the parasympathetic system helps to calm the body afterward
• What is the function of the brain stem?

  It connects the brain and spinal cord and controls involuntary processes