technique and positioning

• What is the anatomical position?

  A common visual reference point where a person stands erect with feet together and eyes forward

  
• In the anatomical position, which way do the palms face?

  Anteriorly
• What does directional terminology refer to?

  It refers to the body in anatomical position

  
• What are the paired terms used in standardized directional terminology?

  Left and Right
• What is the transverse (axial) plane?

  A plane that runs horizontally and divides the body into superior and inferior parts
• What does the coronal (frontal) plane do?

  It lies vertically and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
• What is the median (midsagittal) plane?

  A specific sagittal plane that lies vertically in the midline
• What is an oblique section?

  A section that is cut at an angle to the standard planes
• What are the terms used for patient positioning?

  Supine, Prone, Erect, Semi-recumbent, Lateral
• What does the term 'projection' refer to in radiography?

  It describes the entrance and exit points of the X-ray beam as it passes through the body
• What does the abbreviation 'AP' stand for in projection terminology?

  Antero-posterior
• What does the abbreviation 'PA' stand for in projection terminology?

  Postero-anterior
• What is necessary to describe a radiographic projection?

  The position of the patient relative to the imaging receptor and the direction of the X-ray beam
• What does the term 'dorsi-palmar projection' refer to?

  A projection of the hand
• What are some general terminology terms used in radiography?

  Abduct, Adduct, Caudal, Cranial/cephalic, Extension, Flexion
• What does the term 'radiolucent' mean?

  It refers to a structure that allows X-rays to pass through easily
• What does the term 'radiopaque' mean?

  It refers to a structure that blocks X-rays
• What does the term 'adduct' mean?

  To move a limb toward the midline of the body
• What does the term 'prone' refer to in patient positioning?

  A position where the patient lies face down
• What does the term 'supine' refer to in patient positioning?

  A position where the patient lies face up
• What does the term 'flexion' mean?

  To decrease the angle between two body parts
• What does the term 'extension' mean?

  To increase the angle between two body parts
• What does the term 'caudal' refer to?

  Toward the tail or lower part of the body
• What does the term 'cranial' refer to?

  Toward the head or upper part of the body
• What does the term 'superimpose' mean in radiography?

  To place one image over another
• What does 'FFD' stand for?

  Focus-film distance
• What does 'FOD' stand for?

  Focus-object distance
• What does 'OFD' stand for?

  Object-film distance
• What are the key terms related to patient positioning?

  • Supine: lying face up
  • Prone: lying face down
  • Erect: standing upright
  • Semi-recumbent: partially lying down
  • Lateral: lying on the side
  • Right lateral decubitus: lying on the right side
  • Left lateral decubitus: lying on the left side
• What are the different body planes and their functions?

  • Transverse/Axial Plane: divides body into superior and inferior parts
  • Coronal (Frontal) Plane: divides body into anterior and posterior parts
  • Median (Midsagittal) Plane: divides body into equal left and right parts
• What are the general terms used in radiography?

  • Abduct: move away from midline
  • Adduct: move toward midline
  • Caudal: toward the tail
  • Cranial: toward the head
  • Extension: increase angle between body parts
  • Flexion: decrease angle between body parts
• What are the types of projections in radiography?

  • Antero-posterior (AP)
  • Postero-anterior (PA)
  • Lateral
  • Anterior Oblique
  • Posterior Oblique
• What does the term 'artefact' refer to in radiography?

  An unwanted feature in an image
• What does the term 'palpate' mean?

  To examine by touch
• What does the term 'elongate' mean?

  To make longer
• What does the term 'deviate' mean?

  To move away from a standard or expected position
• What does the term 'elevate' mean?

  To raise to a higher position
• What does the term 'focus' refer to in radiography?

  It refers to the point where rays converge
• What does the term 'project' mean in radiography?

  To display an image on a surface
• What does the term 'focus' mean in relation to distance?

  It refers to the distance from the X-ray source to the film or object