4 - Enzymes

• What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

  Enzymes speed up reactions.
• What are biological catalysts?

  Biological catalysts are enzymes that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.
• Which organs produce enzymes?

  The salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine produce enzymes.
• What happens to enzyme activity when temperature increases?

  Enzyme activity increases with temperature up to a certain point, after which it decreases.
• What is the active site of an enzyme?

  The active site is the region on the enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
• What are the products of the enzyme protease?

  Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
• What do lipases break down?

  Lipases break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
• What do carbohydrases break down?

  Carbohydrases break down carbohydrates into sugars.
• What is the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?

  • Enzyme activity increases with temperature up to an optimal point.
  • Beyond the optimal temperature, enzyme activity decreases.
  • High temperatures can denature enzymes, affecting their function.
• What are the main types of enzymes and their functions?

  • Protease: Breaks down proteins into amino acids.
  • Lipase: Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
  • Carbohydrase: Breaks down carbohydrates into sugars.
• How do enzymes affect the rate of chemical reactions?

  Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required.
• What happens to enzyme molecules when they become denatured?

  Denatured enzymes lose their functional shape and can no longer catalyze reactions.
• What is substrate concentration's effect on enzyme activity?

  Increased substrate concentration generally increases enzyme activity until saturation is reached.