economic development and environmental

• What do contrasting trends in economic development and environmental management indicate since 1970?

  They indicate differential progress related to the outcomes from globalisation.
• How is the environmental impact of development and globalisation often measured?

  Using an ecological footprint.
• What does an ecological footprint measure?

  It measures the resources used by a country or person over the course of a year, in global hectares.
• How has Sweden's income per person changed since 1972?

  It has risen hugely.
• What is one way of measuring economic development?

  Using income per capita.
• What has happened to Sweden's ecological footprint from 1972 to 2012?

  It has not changed, remaining about 8 hectares per person.
• What does the unchanged ecological footprint in Sweden suggest about its economic development?

  It suggests that economic development has not affected the quality of the environment.
• What aspects of the environment does Sweden's environmental management maintain?

  Biodiversity, water, and air quality.
• How has China's ecological footprint changed from 1970 to 2012?

  It has steadily risen from about 1 hectare to 3 hectares.
• How does China's ecological footprint in 2012 compare to Sweden's?

  It is still more than half less than Sweden's.
• What correlation has been observed in China since 2001 regarding income and ecological footprint?

  Rising Chinese incomes correlate with very large increases in ecological footprint.
• What were China's incomes in PPP in 2001 and 2016?

  $3,180 in 2001 and $15,500 in 2016.
• What was Sweden's PPP in 2001 and 2016?

  $29,710 in 2001 and $50,000 in 2016.
• What does the comparison of Sweden and China's ecological footprints suggest about their economic development's environmental impact?

  It suggests that economic development in China has a very large environmental impact.
• What can be said about some countries' ability to take advantage of globalisation?

  Some countries can take advantage of globalisation without damaging their environment.
• What are the key differences in economic development and environmental management between China and Sweden?

  • Sweden:
  • High income per person
  • Stable ecological footprint (~8 hectares)
  • Effective environmental management
  • China:
  • Rising income per person
  • Increasing ecological footprint (1 hectare in 1970 to 3 in 2012)
  • Significant environmental impact from development