endo pregnancy and lactation

Created by

savi

Cards (39)

What is the primary learning objective regarding hormonal birth control?
Understand how hormonal birth control works
What is one of the key functions of hormones during pregnancy?
To maintain the pregnancy and prepare the mother for birth
What are the two stages of the ovarian cycle mentioned?
Follicular and Luteal
What is Trestolone and its potential use?
An anabolic-androgenic steroid with potential as a male birth control
How does hormonal male birth control work?
It uses negative feedback to suppress LH and FSH to reduce sperm production
What does female birth control using estrogen and progesterone mimic?
The luteal phase of the ovarian cycle
What triggers withdrawal bleeding in female birth control?
Placebos taken during the cycle
What is the function of progestin-only birth control?
It suppresses follicle maturation and ovulation
What is the purpose of the "Morning-After" Pill?
To prevent ovulation and fertilization after unprotected intercourse
What is the window of fertility for sperm and oocyte?
Sperm are present for ~5 days, and oocyte for ~24 hours after ovulation
How can you tell if you are ovulating using LH levels?
By using LH test strips that track LH levels in urine
What effect does progesterone have on basal body temperature?
It may increase basal body temperature by as much as 1°F
Where does fertilization occur?
In the fallopian tube
What helps sperm penetrate the egg during fertilization?
Progesterone receptors on sperm
What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?
It regresses shortly after ovulation
What role does progesterone play in the endometrium?
It directs the outer layer to form the decidua for implantation
What are the two major components of the placenta?
The maternal component and the fetal component
What is the primary endocrine tissue during pregnancy?
The placenta
What is the function of syncytiotrophoblast cells?
They are the endocrine tissue of the placenta
What is the luteal-placental shift?
The period when the placenta takes over hormone production from the corpus luteum
What hormone is detected in pregnancy tests?
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
What is the role of hCG during early pregnancy?
It rescues the corpus luteum and stimulates hormone production
What is the role of DHEA in pregnancy?
It is a precursor for other sex steroids
How does progesterone affect the HPG axis?
It inhibits the HPG axis via negative feedback
What are the primary functions of estrogen during pregnancy?
Stimulates growth of uterine lining and promotes mammary duct development
What is the role of human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS)?
It promotes mammary growth and mobilizes maternal fat
What does relaxin do during pregnancy?
It inhibits premature uterine contractions and relaxes pelvic ligaments
What physiological changes occur during pregnancy?
Uterine enlargement, breast enlargement, and increased blood volume
What triggers labor?
Responsiveness to oxytocin and cervical softening
What is the role of oxytocin during childbirth?
It stimulates uterine muscle contractions
What hormones are involved in lactation?
Prolactin and oxytocin
What does oxytocin do during lactation?
It causes myoepithelial cells to contract and eject milk
What is the effect of maternal hormones on offspring traits?
They can cause non-genetic variation in offspring traits
What is the significance of cortisol in the placenta?
It is converted from active cortisol to inactive cortisone
What is the relationship between maternal stress and offspring health?
High maternal cortisol levels can lead to smaller body size and increased anxiety
What is the focus of the article summary assignment?
To explore how a mother’s hormones can shape behavior and physiology
What is required for the literature search assignment?
To find one empirical paper on maternal hormones
What should be included in the two-sentence summary?
A concise summary of the chosen paper's findings
What is the expected outcome of the literature search assignment?
To be prepared to discuss the paper in class