Types of models

• Sketch models


  Sketch models are models made quickly from cheap, readily available materials to allow designers to create their initial ideas in 3D.

  They can help designers visualise their ideas more clearly than they could with a sketch, to develop their initial ideas and to check aesthetic elements of their initial designs.

  They are often made during the initial ideas stages to help eliminate or further explore designs.
• Block models


  Block models look exactly like the final design on the outside but have no working or moving parts.

  These can be used to test ergonomics, aesthetics and for advertising purposes.

  Block models are mostly used during the exploring and refinements stages of the design process to refine the final aesthetic and ergonomic issues.
• CAD models


  CAD models are produced using computer aided design packages and are very realistic and accurate. Changes can be made quickly and easily.

  They can be tested in a virtual environment, used with computer aided manufacture and also be used for marketing and promotion.

  Cad models are used during the exploring and refining stages of the design process but can also be used in the manufacturing stage if the product is being manufactured using computer aided manufacturing processes.
• Scale models


  These are created when building full scale models is impractical, i.e., in architecture, interior design, etc.

  Models are created on a smaller, or sometimes larger, scale but all proportions are kept the same.

  This allows the designer to see their ideas in a physical form, check appropriate sizes and proportions of parts and to clearly communicate their ideas to their client.

  Scale models are used during the development and refinement of ideas to explore proportions and sizes.
• Test models & Test Rigs


  Test models are made to test different parts of or an entire model in areas such as strength, durability and ergonomics. They can also be used to test whether new mechanisms and joining methods work.

  Test rigs are the machinery that are set up and used to test the product or part.

  They simulate the real conditions that the product or part would be exposed to, to ensure that the product is fit for purpose.

  Test models allow for alterations to be made to the product before a prototype is made or for further development or exploration of an idea.
• Prototypes


  A prototype is the last model created just before the product goes into full scale production.

  The prototype is made to be as close as possible to the final design, using the same manufacturing methods that would be used for the final product.

  Prototyping enables full scale performance testing and allows the designer to identify any last minute problems with the product. It also provides clients with a fully working product.