Bio paper 22

• What is homeostasis?

  Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment.
• Why is it important to control blood glucose levels?

  It is essential for keeping the body functioning properly.
• What organ is responsible for producing insulin?

  The pancreas produces insulin.
• What role does the brain play in homeostasis?

  The brain acts as the control center, sending signals to various body parts.
• What are effectors in the nervous system?

  Effectors are muscles and glands that respond to signals from the nervous system.
• What is a reflex action?

  A reflex action is an automatic response to a stimulus that does not involve conscious thought.
• How do signals travel in the nervous system?

  Signals travel as fast electrical signals along long nerve cells.
• What happens at a synapse?

  At a synapse, a chemical signal is released and diffuses across to initiate another electrical signal.
• Where is the pituitary gland located?

  The pituitary gland is located in the brain.
• What hormone does the pancreas produce?

  The pancreas produces insulin.
• What is the function of adrenaline?

  Adrenaline is responsible for the fight-or-flight response.
• What is the role of the thyroid gland?

  The thyroid gland produces thyroxine, which regulates metabolism.
• What happens to blood glucose levels after a meal?

  Blood glucose levels rise after a meal.
• What does insulin do to blood glucose levels?

  Insulin causes body cells to remove glucose from the blood, lowering blood glucose levels.
• What is glucagon's role in blood glucose regulation?

  Glucagon raises blood glucose levels by converting glycogen back into glucose.
• What are the two types of diabetes?

  The two types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
• What is a symptom of diabetes?

  Symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst and fatigue.
• How is type 1 diabetes treated?

  Treatment for type 1 diabetes involves insulin injections.
• How is type 2 diabetes managed?

  Type 2 diabetes is managed through diet and exercise.
• What is the role of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

  FSH stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries.
• What does luteinizing hormone (LH) do?

  LH triggers the release of the egg from the ovary.
• What happens to the uterine lining if there is no embryo implanted?

  The uterine lining breaks down if there is no embryo implanted.
• What are the different methods of contraception?

  • Barrier methods (e.g., condoms, diaphragm)
  • Hormonal methods (e.g., pill, IUD)
  • Permanent methods (e.g., sterilization)
• What is the purpose of using condoms as a contraceptive method?

  Condoms prevent pregnancy and protect against sexually transmitted diseases.
• What is the main disadvantage of hormonal contraceptives?

  Hormonal contraceptives can have side effects and may not be suitable for everyone.
• What is selective breeding?

  Selective breeding is the process of breeding animals for specific characteristics.
• What is the result of mitosis?

  Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells.
• What is the result of meiosis?

  Meiosis results in four different daughter cells.
• What type of cells are produced by mitosis?

  Mitosis produces diploid cells.
• What type of cells are produced by meiosis?

  Meiosis produces haploid cells.
• What are gametes in humans?

  Gametes in humans are sperm and eggs.
• What is a gene?

  A gene is a stretch of DNA that codes for a characteristic.
• What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

  Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to observable characteristics.
• What is a mutation?

  A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to variation.
• What is natural selection?

  Natural selection is the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce.
• Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?

  Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
• What evidence supports the theory of evolution?

  Evidence for evolution includes fossils and rapid changes in bacteria.
• What is speciation?

  Speciation is the process where one species evolves into multiple species due to geographical separation.
• What is selective breeding used for?

  Selective breeding is used to produce animals with desired characteristics.
• What is the significance of genetic variation in a population?

  Genetic variation allows populations to adapt to changing environments.