SAM and HPA - amygdala and hypothalamus

• What is a weakness of short-term/long-term stress responses?

  They are not applicable to every person.
• What did Taylor et al. (2000) suggest about females' behavioral responses to stress?

  They are characterized by a pattern of tend and befriend rather than fight or flight.
• How do females protect themselves and their children during stress according to Taylor et al. (2000)?

  Through nurturing behaviors and forming alliances with other women.
• Why is it significant that women may have a different system for coping with stress?

  Because responses evolved in the context of being a primary caregiver.
• What would fleeing do to offspring in the context of stress responses?

  It would put the offspring in danger.
• What does the evidence suggest about the applicability of the fight or flight response to women?

  It may not be applicable to women and is gender biased (beta bias).
• What is a problem with short-term and long-term stress responses in modern humans?

  They may not be useful due to current stressors not requiring high levels of activity.
• What can increased blood pressure lead to?

  Physical damage in blood vessels and eventually heart disease.
• How does an increase in cortisol affect the immune system?

  It suppresses the immune system and shuts down processes that fight infections.
• Why do the stressors of modern life matter in relation to stress responses?

  • They rarely require high levels of activity.
  • This can lead to more damaging effects on health.
• Why would short-term and long-term stress responses not be effective in modern life?

  Because they do not align with the nature of current stressors.
• What is a weakness of short-term and long-term stress responses according to the study material?

  They do not sufficiently explain how we respond to stress as they fail to consider cognition.
• Who conducted a study involving participants watching a film of gruesome initiation rites?

  Lazarus
• What was the difference in arousal of the autonomic nervous system between participants told the initiation rites were exciting and those told about the pain?

  The participants told it was exciting showed less arousal than those informed about the pain.
• Why does the physiological stress response matter according to the study material?

  It depends on how the stressor is perceived.
• What model did Lazarus and Folkman develop regarding stress response?

  The transactional model
• What does the transactional model emphasize in relation to stress response?

  It emphasizes the importance of cognitive assessment in how individuals respond to stressors.
• What are the key components of the transactional model developed by Lazarus and Folkman?

  • Cognitive assessment is crucial
  • Individual perception of stressors affects response
  • Emphasis on thoughts and beliefs
• What must be considered alongside physiological factors when explaining the body's response to stress?

  Cognitive factors