COMPARING BOTH MEASURES OF STRESS

• What is one difference between self-report measures and physiological measures?

  How objective the methods are
• How can a general tendency towards negative perceptions affect self-report measures?

  It may lead to an exaggerated score on the self-report measures
• What unjustified association might self-report measures produce?

  An association between life events/daily hassles and stress-related illnesses
• What does the galvanic skin response measure?

  Electrical conductivity
• Why are physiological measures considered more objective?

  They provide objective and empirical data
• How does physiological data improve the validity of findings?

  It is collected through senses that is totally unbiased
• What are the key differences between self-report measures and physiological measures?

  • Self-report measures are subjective and can be biased.
  • Physiological measures are objective and provide empirical data.
  • Self-report measures may exaggerate associations with stress-related illnesses.
  • Physiological measures improve validity due to their unbiased nature.
• What is the main focus of self-report measures?

  Individual perceptions and experiences
• What type of data do physiological measures provide?

  Objective and empirical data
• What is a key difference between self-report measures and physiological measures?

  Whether the data collected is retrospective or not
• Why is the recall of life events in Holme’s and Rahe’s study significant?

  It may not be accurate and can be influenced by neuroticism
• How does higher neuroticism affect participants' recall of life events?

  They are more likely to recall more negative events
• What impact does inaccurate recall of life events have on research findings?

  It reduces the internal validity and reliability of the findings
• What does the galvanic skin response measure?

  Electrical conductivity
• How does physiological data collection differ from self-report measures?

  Physiological measures collect data in 'real time'
• Why is physiological data considered high in validity?

  Because there are no issues with accuracy in real-time data collection
• What are the main differences between self-report measures and physiological measures?

  • Self-report measures are often retrospective.
  • Physiological measures collect data in real time.
  • Recall accuracy can be influenced by factors like neuroticism.
  • Physiological measures are generally more valid.
• What is a similarity between self-report measures and physiological measures?

  Both methods face issues with validity.
• Why does the SRRS fail to account for individual differences?

  It ignores that life events have different significance for different people.
• How can the death of a spouse affect the surviving partner differently?

  The untimely death of a loved spouse can be devastating, while the death of an elderly spouse after a long illness may be less stressful.
• What is a limitation of physiological measures in measuring stress?

  They only measure sympathetic arousal, which can occur due to any emotion.
• What other emotions can lead to increased skin conductance besides stress?

  Fear, anger, or surprise can also lead to increased skin conductance.
• What did Osumi find regarding skin conductance and cognitive perception?

  There are changes in skin conductance based on whether a person feels treated fairly or unfairly.
• What is the overall conclusion about the validity of self-report and physiological measures?

  Both methods lack validity, with self-report lacking external validity and physiological measures lacking internal validity.
• What are the types of validity issues faced by self-report and physiological measures?

  • Self-report measures lack external validity.
  • Physiological measures lack internal validity.
• What is a key difference between self-report measures and physiological measures?

  Self-report measures are used in correlational research, while physiological measures are used experimentally.
• What does the SRRS allow researchers to do?

  It allows researchers to look for a correlation between stress levels measured in LCU and illness.
• Why can't studies using the SRRS establish cause and effect?

  Because there could be other factors causing poor health.
• How can physiological measures be studied experimentally?

  By exposing participants to a stressful stimulus in a controlled environment while recording their galvanic skin response.
• What does recording galvanic skin response allow researchers to establish?

  It allows researchers to establish that the stressful stimulus is causing a physiological response.
• In what way are self-report measures and physiological measures different?

  They differ in terms of whether they can imply causation.