Chapter 11 APUSH

• THOMAS JEFFERSON

  -Served 1801-1809(2 terms)

  Election of 1800 (Jefferson v. Adams):

  1.  Monumental!!- 1st time President from a different party was elected

  2.  There was a tie!  (Aaron Burr and T.J. received same # of electoral votes)

  3.  House of Reps. Had to decide- picked T.J. after 36 separate votes
• THOMAS JEFFERSON

  • Faced many of the same problems as Washington & Adams:

  1.  Vicious party politics

  2.  Hostilities w/ France & Britain

  FIRST PRES. TO LIVE IN WHITE HOUSE IN D.C.!!
• THOMAS JEFFERSON

  Belief about government:

  1.  Wanted a simple government

  2.  More states to have more rights

  3.  Cut spending, taxes

  4.  Free trade (instead of gov’t managed trade with tariffs and taxes)
• THOMAS JEFFERSON

  Fight over courts:

  1.  Adams left behind several Federalist judges (“midnight judges”)

  2.  Adams appointed John Marshall to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (he was a super Federalist!)
• THOMAS JEFFERSON

  Marbury v. Madison:

  1.  William Marbury- did not receive his official papers to be a new judge

  2.  T.J.’s Sec. of State James Madison refused to deliver the papers

  3.  Marbury sued the U.S. gov’t
• THOMAS JEFFERSON

  Marbury v. Madison:

  4.  John Marshall ruled that Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional (Congress can’t write laws ordering the Supreme Court to do anything)

  5.  “Judicial review”

  • Supreme Court has right to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional
• THOMAS JEFFERSON

  Louisiana Purchase:

  1.  Dictator Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in France

  2.  Needed $$

  3.  “Persuaded” Spain to return large chunk of N. America back to France (1800 Treaty of Ildefonso)

  4.  Jefferson- let’s buy New Orleans, western Florida
• THOMAS JEFFERSON

  Louisiana Purchase:

  5.  2 Americans (Robert Livingston & James Monroe) to negotiate- $10 million max.!

  6.  NAPOLEON DECIDES TO SELL ALL FOR $15 MILLION!!!!!!!!

  7.  Shocked Monroe/Livingston say “OK, DEAL”!
• THOMAS JEFFERSON

  Louisiana Purchase:

  • Doubled size of the U.S.
  • Merriweather Lewis and William Clark given job of exploring it
  • Lewis & Clark (feat. Sacajawea) went on epic journey of discovery
• THOMAS JEFFERSON

  Foreign Problems:

  Impressment

  • British would stop U.S. ships and kidnap sailors to serve in Royal Navy
  • British & French ships were seizing U.S. ships
  • Pashas (Lords) of North Africa demanded $$ to let ships safely pass
• THOMAS JEFFERSON

  Barbary wars (1801-1815):

  • Jefferson refused to pay “tribute” money to keep Amer. ships safe from Barbary pirates
  • Sent U.S. Navy to bombard cities (Tripoli, Algiers, Tunis)
  • Pashas caved in & agreed to let Amer. ships pass safely through Med. Sea.
• THOMAS JEFFERSON

  Embargo Act (1807):

  • Jefferson tired of Britain & France attacking U.S. ships SO… we’ll show them!
  • Passed Embargo Act- U.S. trade stopped with all foreign countries

  -BACKFIRES- Kills U.S. economy 

  • Eventually repealed (removed)
• THOMAS JEFFERSON

  Accomplishments:

  1.  Doubled size of U.S.

  2.  Paid off national debt

  3.  Kept Hamilton’s economic plans

  Failures:

  1.  No solution about problems w/ France & Britain

  2.  Actions & beliefs= didn’t match