Biology paper 1

• What is adaptation in the context of organisms?


  Adaptation refers to changes that allow organisms to survive in different environments.
• What are the three types of adaptations?

  Structural, behavioral, and functional adaptations.
• What is a structural adaptation?

  Structural adaptations are features of an organism's body structure, such as shape or color.
• How do Arctic animals adapt to cold environments?

  They have a thick layer of blubber and a low surface area to volume ratio.
• How do desert animals adapt to hot environments?

  They have a light layer of fat and a high surface area to volume ratio.
• What is a behavioral adaptation?

  Behavioral adaptations are ways that organisms behave, such as migrating to warmer climates.
• What is a functional adaptation?

  Functional adaptations are processes that occur inside an organism's body, related to respiration and metabolism.
• What do extremophiles refer to?

  Extremophiles are microorganisms adapted to live in extreme conditions.
• How do some microorganisms survive in high temperatures?

  They are adapted to live in super hot volcanic vents.
• What is the water cycle?

  The water cycle is the process of water being endlessly recycled on Earth.
• What are the steps of the water cycle?

  1. Evaporation of water from land and sea.
  2. Warm air rises and cools to form clouds
  3. Condensation occurs as the water cools
  4. Precipitation falls as rain, snow, or hail.
  5. Water drains back into the sea.
• What can cause changes in the distribution of organisms?

  Environmental changes such as water availability, temperature, and atmospheric gas composition.
• How does global warming affect species distribution?

  It causes a rise in average temperatures, affecting the range of species like the European robin.
• What is the carbon cycle?

  The carbon cycle is the constant cycling of carbon through the atmosphere, living organisms, and back again.
• What are the main processes involved in the carbon cycle?

  1. Photosynthesis by plants and algae.
  2. Respiration by plants and animals.
  3. Decomposition by detritus feeders and microorganisms.
  4. Combustion of fossil fuels.
• What factors affect the rate of decay?

  Temperature, oxygen availability, water availability, and the number of decay organisms.
• What is biogas primarily made of?

  Biogas is mainly made up of methane.
• What are the two main types of biogas generators?

  Batch generators and continuous generators.
• What is the role of microorganisms in decay?

  Microorganisms break down plant and animal material to get energy.
• How does deforestation affect carbon dioxide levels?

  Deforestation results in less carbon dioxide being taken in and more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
• What is the main consequence of global warming?

  It leads to an increase in greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane.
• What is the relationship between biodiversity and waste management?

  Increasing waste from a growing population threatens biodiversity.
• What is the role of decomposers in the carbon cycle?

  Decomposers break down dead organisms, returning carbon to the atmosphere.
• How does the water cycle benefit plants and animals?

  It provides fresh water for plants and animals.
• What is the significance of the carbon cycle for living things?

  It is the basis for all organic molecules in our bodies.
• List abiotic factor

  Light intensity

  Temperature

  Oxygen levels

  Carbon dioxide levels
• List biotic factors

  Food availability

  New predators

  New pathogens
• List order of consumers

  Producer - Primary - Secondary - Tertiary
• What do farmers with waster bio material?

  Natural fertiliser

  Biogas generators
• Define Biodiversity 


  Variety of all different species of organisms on Earth or within an ecosystem.
• Large scale deforestation has occurred to….

  Provide land for cattle and rice fields

  Grow crops for biofuels
• What are pathogens?

  Microorganisms that cause disease
• What type of diseases do pathogens cause?

  Communicable diseases that can easily spread
• Can both plants and animals be infected by pathogens?

  Yes, both can be infected
• How small are bacteria compared to body cells?

  About 1/100th the size of body cells
• How do bacteria make you feel ill?

  By producing toxins that damage cells
• Are viruses considered cells?

  No, they are not cells
• How do viruses compare in size to bacteria?

  Viruses are about 1/100th the size of bacteria
• How do viruses replicate inside the body?

  Using the host cell's machinery to produce copies
• What happens to the host cell after a virus replicates?

  The cell usually bursts, releasing new viruses