memory

• What is one reason for forgetting related to context cues?

  The external environment is different at recall than during coding
• How can the absence of context cues affect memory recall?

  It can lead to difficulties in recalling information when the environment differs
• What is an example of absence of state cues?

  The internal environment is different at recall than during encoding
• What does the absence of conversational cues imply for memory recall?

  Recall is compromised but can improve with structured organization
• What is proactive interference in memory?

  Previous memories interfere with new similar memories
• How does proactive interference manifest in everyday situations?

  Struggling to remember a new phone number because of an old one
• What is retroactive interference?

  Recent memories interfere with previous similar memories
• Give an example of retroactive interference.

  Not remembering how to use an old phone after getting a new one
• What are the main reasons for forgetting according to the study material?

  • Absence of context cues
  • Absence of state cues
  • Absence of conversational cues
  • Proactive interference
  • Retroactive interference
• How do proactive and retroactive interference differ?

  • Proactive interference: Old memories hinder new ones
  • Retroactive interference: New memories hinder old ones
• What was the focus of Loftus and Palmer's research?

  The effect of leading questions on eyewitness testimony accuracy
• How many participants were involved in Loftus and Palmer's study?

  45 participants
• What did each group in Loftus and Palmer's study watch?

  7 short video clips of road traffic accidents
• Why is Loftus and Palmer's study considered an Independent Measures Design?

  Different groups of participants were given different verbs