CRY PUGADLAWIN

• “Cry of Dolores” Mexico (September 16, 1810)

  The Cry of Dolores (Spanish: Grito de Dolores) occurred in Dolores, Mexico, on 16 September 1810, when Roman Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla rang his church bell and gave the call to arms that triggered the Mexican War of Independence.
• “Cry of Ypiranga” Brazil (September 7, 1822)

  It is celebrated on 7 September, the anniversary of the date in 1822 that prince regent Dom Pedro declared Brazil's independence from the former United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves. Formal recognition came with a treaty three years later, signed by the new Empire of Brazil and the Kingdom of Portugal in late1825.
• “Cry of Mantanza” Cuba (February 24, 1895)

  The Cuban War of Independence (Spanish: Guerra de Independencia cubana, 1895–1898) was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Ten Years' War (1868–1878) and the Little  War (1879–1880).
• IN AUGUST 1896, NORTHEAST OF MANILA, FILIPINOS SIMILARLY DECLARED THEIR REBELLION AGAINST THE SPANISH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT.
• Some Writers refers to a cry of Montalban on April 1895, in the Pamitinan Caces where a group of Katipunan members wrote on the cave walls. “Viva la independencia Filipino!” Before the some writers consider the First military engagement with the enemy as the defining moment of the cry.

   

  Some Writers consider the first military engagement with the enemy as the defining moment of the cry.

   
• The Battle of San Juan del Monte took place on August 30, 1896. It is considered as the first real battle of the Philippine Revolution, which sought Philippine independence from Spain. The first battle cry of the Katipunan coincided with the pealing of church bells at nine o'clock on the night of August 29, 1896.

   

  The Historian Teodoro Agoncillo chose to emphasize Bonifacios’ tearing of the cedula (Tax Receipt) Before a crowd of Katipuneros who then broke out in cheers.
• Cry of Balintawak? Or Cry of Pugad Lawin?

  1. Raging Controversy

  2. Conflicting Accounts

  3. The Pugadlawin Marker

  4. Carthographic changes

  5. Determining the Date

  6. The Turning Point
• Cry of Balintawak? Or Cry of Pugad Lawin?

  1. Raging Controversy

  2. Conflicting Accounts

  3. The Pugadlawin Marker

  4. Carthographic changes

  5. Determining the Date

  6. The Turning Point
• Raging Controversy

  On 3 September 1911, a monument to the Heroes of 1896 was erected in what is now the intersection of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue and Andres Bonifacio Drive, North Diversion Road (Balintawak Cloverleaf Interchange). From that time on until 1962, the Cry of Balintawak was officially celebrated every 26 August.

  It is not clear why the 1911 monument was erected in that site. Eyewitnesses cited Balintawak as the better-known reference point for a larger area. Yet, eyewitnesses and historians disagreed on the site and date of the Cry.
• Conflicting Accounts

  
  

  Pio Valenzuela had several versions of the Cry. Only after they are compared and reconciled with the other accounts will it be possible to determined what really happened.

  
  

  In September 1896, Pio Valenzuela stated before the Olive Court (military tribunal headed by Colonel Francisco Olive), which was charged with the investigating persons involved in the rebellion, that only Katipunan meetings took place from Sunday to Tuesday or 23 to 25 August at Balintawak.
• In 1911, Valenzuela stated that the Kaitipunan began meeting on 22 August while the Cry took place on 23 August at Apolonio Samson's House in Kangkong, Balintawak.
• From 1928 to 1940, Valenzuela maintained that the cry happened on 24 August at the house of Tandang Sora in Pugad Lawin, which he now situated near Pasong Tamo Road known as the Daang Malalim.

  A photograph of Gregoria de jesus and katipunan members, Valenzuela, Briccio Pantas, Alfonso and Cipriano Pacheco, published in "La Opinion" in 1928 and 1930, was captioned as having been taken at the site of the cry on 24 August 1896 at the house of Tandang Sora at Pasong Tamo Road.
• In 1935, Valenzuela, Pantas and Pacheco proclaimed "na hindi balintawak nangyari ang unang sigaw ng paghihimagsik na kinalalagian ngayon ng bantayog kung di sa pook na kilala sa tawag ng Pugad Lawin."
• In 1940, a research team of the Philippines Historical Committee (founded in 1935) which included Pio Valenzuela, identified the precise spot of Pugad Lawin as part of Sitio Gulod, Banlat, Kalookan City (now Tandang Sora Quezon City).
• Valenzuela memoirs (Which Agoncillo says dated from the early 1920s) claimed that the Cry took place on 23 August at the house of juan Ramos at Pugad Lawin.
• Conflicting Accounts

  John N. Schrumacher, S.J, of the Ateneo de Manila University was to comment on Pio Valenzuela's credibility:

  I would certainly give much less credence to all accounts coming from Pio Valenzuela, and to the interpretations Agoncillo got from him verbally, since Valenzuela gave so many versions from the time he surrendered to the Spanish authorities and made various statements not always compatible with one another up to the time when as an old man he was interviewed by Agoncillo."