Overall mtb

• What time period does the late medieval/middle ages cover?

  1250-1500
• Who were the main groups involved in the economy during the late medieval/middle ages in Europe?

  • Flemish weavers
  • Italian bankers
  • Jewish moneylenders
  • Dutch brewers
• Which groups from the wider world were involved during the late medieval/middle ages?

  • Africans
  • Indians
• When did Jews arrive in England?

  1070
• Why were Jews invited to England by William the Conqueror?

  Because they could serve as moneylenders
• What did Catholic teachings prohibit Christians from doing, leading to Jews becoming moneylenders?

  They prohibited Christians from lending money with interest
• What led to the increase in anti-Semitic attacks in the 12th and 13th centuries?

  Crusades and scapegoating for the death of Jesus
• What happened to Jews in England after the arrival of Italian bankers?

  They became less needed and had little protection from the king
• What was the statute of Jewry enacted in 1275?

  It prohibited Jews from collecting interest and allowed debtors not to pay
• What was the consequence of the statute of Jewry for most Jews in England?

  It forced most Jews into poverty
• When were all Jews expelled from England?

  1290
• How did William I and his successors use the funds from Jewish moneylending?

  To build cathedrals, churches, castles, and pay soldiers' wages
• What were the reasons for the arrival of Flemish weavers in England?

  • War in Belgium and the Netherlands
  • Encouragement from kings like Henry III
  • Desire to set up their own guilds
• What impact did Flemish weavers have on the English economy?

  They transformed it into a secondary economy with rapid cloth production
• Why did Italian bankers come to England?

  To lend money to kings like Edward I
• What role did Italian bankers play in England's military expansion?

  They helped fund wars and castle building
• What groups migrated to England between 1500-1750?

  • Huguenots
  • Poor Palatines
  • Hansa merchants
  • Gypsies
  • Jews from Spanish lands
• Why did Huguenots flee to England?

  Due to religious persecution in France
• What event triggered the first wave of Huguenot migration to England?

  The massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day in 1572
• How were Huguenots received in England?

  They were welcomed and seen as allies
• What contributions did Huguenots make to the English economy?

  They boosted the cloth trade and established London as a financial center
• What was the Foreign Protestants Naturalisation Act of 1708?

  It invited European Protestants to settle in Britain
• Why did Palatines migrate to Britain?

  Due to suffering under French Catholic landlords and bad harvests
• How were the Palatines received in England compared to the Huguenots?

  They did not receive the same warm welcome
• What was the main occupation of Indians who migrated to Britain during the British Empire's growth?

  They mostly worked as servants
• What role did the East India Company play in Indian migration to Britain?

  They employed Indians and brought them back to work in Britain
• What were the main reasons for the migration of Italians to Britain during the industrial period?

  • Extreme poverty and civil war in Italy
  • Opportunities in Britain's industrial economy
  • Starting businesses and creating ice cream
• What was the status of Jews in Britain during the industrial period?

  They were allowed to trade freely
• What led to the rise of antisemitism during the industrial period?

  Pseudoscientific racism claiming Jews were inferior
• What were Lascars primarily employed as during the industrial period?

  They worked on sailing ships
• What challenges did Lascars face in Britain?

  They worked in awful conditions and faced racial attitudes
• Why did Irish immigrants leave Ireland during the industrial period?

  Due to rising rent, bad landlords, and the Great Famine
• What was the living condition of many Irish immigrants in Britain?

  They lived in overcrowded, unhealthy, low-quality houses
• What were the main groups that migrated to Britain after 1900?

  • Belgians (1914)
  • Poles
  • Jews (1945)
  • Commonwealth citizens
• What did the 1948 British Nationality Act enable for Commonwealth citizens?

  It allowed them to have a British passport and work in the UK
• What challenges did Commonwealth migrants face in the UK?

  Frequent racial discrimination and violence
• What was the outcome of the 1968 Commonwealth Immigrants Act?

  It restricted entry to only those with a father or grandfather in the UK