Test

• What is the meaning of transmission in the context of disease?

  Passing of a pathogen from an infected host to another person
• What does immunity refer to?

  The ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin
• What is a pathogen?

  A microorganism that causes disease
• How can disease transmission be prevented in the case of HIV?

  By checking donated blood, proper disposal of needles, and using condoms
• What are some prevention methods for athlete's foot?

  Not sharing towels, cleaning changing rooms regularly, and wearing shoes
• What is a phagocyte?

  A cell that can engulf and absorb bacteria and other small particles

  
• What does BMI stand for and what does it screen for?

  Body Mass Index; it screens for weight categories that may lead to health problems
• What are vectors in the context of disease transmission?

  Animals or insects that transmit pathogens
• How can malaria transmission be prevented?

  By using mosquito nets, insecticides, and insect repellents
• What are airborne droplets and how can their transmission be prevented?

  They are tiny droplets that can carry pathogens; prevention includes ventilating areas and using face masks
• What is an antibody?

  A protein made by the body that fits a specific antigen and neutralizes it
• What is a balanced diet?

  A diet providing adequate amounts of the nutrients necessary for good health
• What can trigger certain diseases related to nutrient deficiencies?

  Lack of certain nutrients in the diet
• What is anaemia and what nutrient is missing in the diet?

  A condition causing fatigue and dizziness due to a lack of iron
• What health issues are linked to smoking?

  Respiratory disease, cancer, brain damage, heart disease, and poor bone development
• What are the three major risk factors in cigarettes?

  Tar, carbon monoxide, and nicotine
• How does tar affect the lungs?

  It coats the inside of the lungs, causing coughing and damaging alveoli
• What is the effect of carbon monoxide on the circulatory system?

  It reduces the amount of oxygen that blood can carry, leading to heart disease
• What is the effect of nicotine on the body?

  It is addictive and increases heart rate and blood pressure
• What happens to the heart during exercise?

  The heart pumps faster to increase blood flow for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
• How does exercise affect a fitter person's heart compared to an unfit person's heart?

  A fitter person's heart pumps more efficiently and recovers quicker

  
• What are the categories of drugs?

  Stimulants, sedatives/depressants, painkillers, and hallucinogens
• What is the role of stimulants?

  They increase the transmission of signals from one nerve cell to the next
• What is the effect of sedatives/depressants on the nervous system?

  They slow down the nervous system and reactions
• How do painkillers work?

  They block nerve impulses from the painful part of the body
• What is an example of a hallucinogen?

  LSD
• How do hallucinogens affect the brain?

  They distort our senses and change our response to stimuli
• What does the periodic table contain?

  Every element that has been discovered
• How was the periodic table organized during its development?

  Based on increasing mass with gaps for undiscovered elements
• What is an atom?

  A particle with no charge made up of a nucleus, protons, neutrons, and electrons

  
• What is a proton?

  A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
• What is a neutron?

  A neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom
• What is an electron?

  A negatively charged particle surrounding the nucleus of an atom

  
• What is an element?

  A substance only containing one type of atom
• What is a compound?

  A substance made up of two or more elements chemically bonded together
• What do elements in the same group have in common?

  They have similar properties and the same number of electrons in their outer shell
• What do elements in the same period have in common?

  They have the same number of electron shells
• What is the nucleus of an atom?

  The central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons

  
• What is an ion?

  A charged particle containing different numbers of protons and electrons
• What happens when an atom loses electrons?

  It results in a positive charge