ATP

• ATP


  Primary molecule for energy transfer in cells.
• Energy Storage


  Stores energy in small amounts to minimize waste.
• Phosphate Group Transfer


  Transfers energy by moving a phosphate group.
• Solubility


  ATP is soluble in water, aiding transport.
• Respiration


  Releases energy transferred to ATP during reactions.
• Short-term Energy Store

  ATP provides immediate chemical energy for work.
• Universal Energy Currency


  Used by all organisms for various reactions.
• ATPase


  Enzyme that hydrolyzes ATP to release energy.
• Energy Release

  Hydrolysis of ATP releases 30.8 kJ mol-1 energy.
• ADP


  Formed from ATP after losing one phosphate group.
• AMP


  Formed from ADP after losing another phosphate group.
• Phosphorylation


  Inorganic phosphate from ATP makes compounds reactive.
• ATP Synthesis


  Formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
• Condensation Reaction


  ATP synthesis releases water as a byproduct.
• Substrate-linked Phosphorylation


  ATP production during glycolysis stage of respiration.
• Chemiosmosis


  ATP production in electron transport chain stage.
• Energy Control


  ATP hydrolysis allows cellular process regulation.
• Cellular pH Stability


  ATP remains stable at normal cellular pH levels.
• Daily ATP Usage


  Humans use over 50 kg of ATP daily.
• ATP Storage


  Cells maintain ~200g of ATP at any time.
• Energy-requiring Reactions


  ATP hydrolysis couples with processes needing energy.
• Muscle Contraction


  ATP provides energy for muscle movement.