DNA

• What does DNA contain that is essential for an organism?

  All of an organism’s genetic material
• How is DNA arranged in cells?


  DNA is arranged into chromosomes
• What are chromosomes made of?

  Coiled up DNA
• What are short sections of DNA called?

  Genes
• What is the structure of DNA?

  DNA is a double helix of paired bases
• What is a nucleotide?

  A building block of DNA made up of a sugar, phosphate group, and a base
• How many different bases does DNA have?

  Four
• What are the four bases found in DNA?

  A (adenine), C (cytosine), G (guanine), and T (thymine)
• What is the role of cross links in DNA?

  They keep the two DNA strands tightly wound together
• What is complementary base-pairing in DNA?

  A always pairs with T, and C always pairs with G
• What is the significance of complementary base-pairing?

  It is crucial for the structure of DNA and protein synthesis
• What components do all DNA nucleotides share?

  They all have the same sugar and phosphate group
• What part of the nucleotide varies among different nucleotides?

  The base
• What defines a polymer in biological terms?

  A large molecule composed of long chains of monomers
• What are monomers?

  Small, basic molecular units
• How is DNA classified as a polymer?

  DNA is made up of nucleotide monomers
• What is the process of complementary base-pairing in DNA and its importance?

  • A pairs with T
  • C pairs with G
  • Maintains the structure of the double helix
  • Essential for accurate DNA replication and protein synthesis
• What are the key components of a DNA nucleotide?

  • Sugar
  • Phosphate group
  • Base (A, C, G, or T)
• What is the significance of DNA being a polymer?

  • Composed of long chains of nucleotide monomers
  • Allows for complex structures and functions
• What are the implications of the structure of DNA for protein synthesis?

  • The sequence of bases encodes genetic information
  • Complementary base-pairing is crucial for transcription and translation