natural selection and genetic modification

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    Cards (166)

    • Who developed the theory of speciation and evolution by natural selection?
      Alfred Russel Wallace
    • What idea did Wallace have regarding individuals without survival characteristics?
      They would die out due to environmental changes
    • With whom did Wallace publish joint studies?
      Charles Darwin
    • What was the significance of the publication of 'On the Origin of Species'?
      Darwin received credit for the theory of evolution
    • What was one of Wallace's important works related to evolution?
      Warning coloration in animals
    • What does the process of speciation begin with?
      Variation within a population due to genetic mutations
    • What happens to alleles that provide a survival advantage?
      They are selected for through natural selection
    • How can populations of a species become isolated?
      Through physical barriers like rock falls
    • What can happen to alleles in a new environment?
      Different alleles may become advantageous and selected for
    • What does increased genetic variation between two populations indicate?
      Different alleles have been selected over time
    • What signifies the formation of a new species?
      When populations can no longer breed together to produce fertile offspring
    • What was Charles Darwin's profession?
      Scientist and naturalist
    • What theory did Darwin put forward?
      The theory of evolution
    • What supported Darwin's theory of evolution?
      Experimentation and knowledge of geology and fossils
    • When was 'On the Origin of Species' published?
      1859
    • What is the basis of the theory of evolution?
      Variation exists within species due to DNA mutations
    • What does 'survival of the fittest' mean?
      Organisms with characteristics suited to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
    • What happens to beneficial characteristics over generations?
      They are passed on to the next generation
    • What increases in frequency within a population over many generations?
      The alleles for advantageous characteristics
    • What was one reason for the controversy surrounding Darwin's ideas?
      It contradicted the belief that God created all species
    • What was lacking at the time of Darwin's theory that contributed to the controversy?
      Enough evidence from studies on how organisms change over time
    • What was unknown at the time regarding inheritance and variation?
      The mechanism of inheritance and variation
    • What does it mean for bacteria to be resistant?
      They are not killed by antibiotics previously used against them
    • Why do bacteria reproduce quickly?
      They have a fast reproduction rate
    • What can mutations during reproduction lead to in bacteria?
      New genes, such as antibiotic resistance
    • What creates a selection pressure in bacteria?
      Exposure to antibiotics
    • What happens to bacteria with antibiotic-resistant genes?
      They survive and reproduce, passing on the advantageous gene
    • How does the presence of new resistant bacteria support Darwin's theory?
      They have been selected by the environment for their advantageous feature
    • What happens to the population of antibiotic-resistant bacteria?
      It increases over time
    • Why do bacterial diseases spread rapidly?
      People are not immune to new resistant bacteria
    • What is MRSA commonly referred to as?
      A 'superbug'
    • Why is MRSA significant in hospitals?
      It spreads when healthcare workers move between patients
    • What does fossil evidence show about organism development?
      Developments arose slowly over time
    • What technique can be used to estimate when a fossil was formed?
      Carbon dating
    • Who is Ardi and how old is she estimated to be?
      Ardi is the oldest known human ancestor, estimated to have lived 4.4 million years ago
    • What features does Ardi's fossilized skeleton contain?
      Humanoid features and ape-like characteristics
    • What does the presence of an intermediate organism like Ardi suggest?
      Natural selection and evolution occurred gradually
    • What does the bone structure in Ardi's feet suggest?
      That chimpanzees and humans evolved separately
    • How old is Lucy's fossilized skeleton estimated to be?
      1. 2 million years ago
    • What does Lucy's bone structure suggest about her posture?
      She walked in an upright, human-like position