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biology
paper one
natural selection and genetic modification
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biology > paper one > natural selection and genetic modification
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Cards (166)
Who developed the theory of speciation and evolution by natural selection?
Alfred Russel
Wallace
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What idea did Wallace have regarding individuals without survival characteristics?
They would die out due to environmental changes
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With whom did Wallace publish joint studies?
Charles Darwin
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What was the significance of the publication of 'On the Origin of Species'?
Darwin
received credit for the theory of evolution
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What was one of Wallace's important works related to evolution?
Warning
coloration in animals
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What does the process of speciation begin with?
Variation within a population due to
genetic mutations
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What happens to alleles that provide a survival advantage?
They are selected for through
natural selection
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How can populations of a species become isolated?
Through
physical barriers
like
rock falls
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What can happen to alleles in a new environment?
Different alleles may become advantageous and selected for
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What does increased genetic variation between two populations indicate?
Different
alleles
have been
selected
over time
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What signifies the formation of a new species?
When
populations
can no longer breed together to produce
fertile
offspring
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What was Charles Darwin's profession?
Scientist and
naturalist
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What theory did Darwin put forward?
The
theory
of
evolution
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What supported Darwin's theory of evolution?
Experimentation and knowledge of
geology
and fossils
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When was 'On the Origin of Species' published?
1859
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What is the basis of the theory of evolution?
Variation exists within species due to
DNA mutations
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What does 'survival of the fittest' mean?
Organisms
with characteristics suited to the
environment
are more likely to survive and reproduce
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What happens to beneficial characteristics over generations?
They are passed on to the next generation
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What increases in frequency within a population over many generations?
The
alleles
for
advantageous
characteristics
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What was one reason for the controversy surrounding Darwin's ideas?
It contradicted the belief that
God
created all
species
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What was lacking at the time of Darwin's theory that contributed to the controversy?
Enough
evidence from studies on how organisms change over time
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What was unknown at the time regarding inheritance and variation?
The
mechanism
of inheritance and variation
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What does it mean for bacteria to be resistant?
They are not killed by
antibiotics
previously used against them
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Why do bacteria reproduce quickly?
They have a fast reproduction rate
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What can mutations during reproduction lead to in bacteria?
New genes, such as antibiotic resistance
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What creates a selection pressure in bacteria?
Exposure to antibiotics
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What happens to bacteria with antibiotic-resistant genes?
They survive and reproduce, passing on the advantageous gene
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How does the presence of new resistant bacteria support Darwin's theory?
They have been selected by the environment for their advantageous feature
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What happens to the population of antibiotic-resistant bacteria?
It increases over time
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Why do bacterial diseases spread rapidly?
People are not immune to new
resistant
bacteria
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What is MRSA commonly referred to as?
A 'superbug'
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Why is MRSA significant in hospitals?
It spreads when healthcare workers move between patients
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What does fossil evidence show about organism development?
Developments
arose slowly over time
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What technique can be used to estimate when a fossil was formed?
Carbon dating
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Who is Ardi and how old is she estimated to be?
Ardi is the
oldest
known
human ancestor
, estimated to have lived
4.4 million
years ago
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What features does Ardi's fossilized skeleton contain?
Humanoid
features and
ape-like
characteristics
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What does the presence of an intermediate organism like Ardi suggest?
Natural selection
and
evolution
occurred gradually
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What does the bone structure in Ardi's feet suggest?
That chimpanzees and humans evolved
separately
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How old is Lucy's fossilized skeleton estimated to be?
2 million
years ago
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What does Lucy's bone structure suggest about her posture?
She walked in an upright,
human-like
position
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