Psych

    Cards (107)

    • Who founded the first psychological laboratory and where was it located?
      Wundt founded the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany.
    • What was the primary focus of Wundt's research in psychology?
      Wundt focused on using controlled empirical scientific research techniques to study the mind.
    • What technique did Wundt use in his structuralism research?
      Wundt used introspection to study conscious experiences.
    • How did Wundt's methods influence later psychological research?
      Wundt's methods inspired other scientific psychologists to adopt controlled experiments.
    • Why are Wundt's methods considered subjective compared to modern psychology?
      Wundt's methods are considered subjective because participants may not reliably report their mental states.
    • What are the two main types of conditioning described by behaviorists?
      Classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
    • What is the main argument of behaviorists regarding behavior investigation?
      Behaviorists argue that only observable and measurable behavior can be investigated.
    • What was the purpose of Skinner's research using the Skinner Box?
      Skinner's research aimed to study positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and extinction in behavior.
    • Why is Skinner's research considered scientific?
      It is considered scientific because it studies objectively observable and measurable stimulus-response mechanisms.
    • What are some practical applications of behaviorist principles?
      Counter-conditioning, flooding, and systematic desensitization (SD).
    • What is a criticism of behaviorist research findings?
      Findings may not be generalizable to human behavior as experiments were done on animals.
    • How do social learning theorists differ from behaviorists?
      Social learning theorists argue that cognitive processes are essential for understanding behavior.
    • What are the mediational processes in social learning theory?
      Attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.
    • What is vicarious reinforcement in social learning theory?
      Vicarious reinforcement occurs when observing someone being rewarded increases the likelihood of imitation.
    • What was the focus of Bandura's bobo doll experiment?
      Bandura's experiment focused on children's imitation of aggressive and non-aggressive behavior.
    • What did Bandura find regarding boys and aggressive models?
      Boys were more likely to mimic an aggressive male model.
    • What is a strength of Bandura's bobo doll study?
      It has high internal validity due to the controlled lab setting.
    • What is a criticism of social learning theory regarding its research methods?
      Research supporting SLT relies on inferences rather than direct observations.
    • What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
      The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
    • What does the CNS consist of?
      The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
    • What is the role of sensory neurons in the nervous system?
      Sensory neurons take information to the CNS.
    • What are the two divisions of the PNS?
      The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the somatic nervous system (SNS).
    • What does the sympathetic nervous system do?
      It prepares the body for fight or flight responses.
    • What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
      It returns the body to a neutral state and activates rest and digest functions.
    • What happens during synaptic transmission?
      The action potential travels down the axon, releasing neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
    • What are neurotransmitters?
      Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers released by neurons.
    • What are the two types of neurotransmitters?
      Excitatory (stimulative) and inhibitory (sedative).
    • What occurs if the charge inside the postsynaptic neuron passes a threshold?
      A new action potential forms, and the message is passed on.
    • What is the role of schemas in cognitive psychology?
      Schemas are mental frameworks that help individuals understand and navigate the world.
    • How do schemas affect memory?
      Inaccurate schemas can lead to distorted memories and negatively biased perceptions.
    • What is a theoretical model in cognitive psychology?
      A theoretical model is a flow chart representation of the steps of a mental process.
    • What is the computer model in cognitive psychology?
      The computer model compares the operation of a computer to the human brain's processing of information.
    • What is cognitive neuroscience?
      Cognitive neuroscience aims to identify and examine neurological structures linked to mental processes.
    • What has led to the emergence of cognitive neuroscience?
      The development of scanning techniques like PET and fMRI scanners.
    • Why is the cognitive approach considered scientific?
      It uses highly controlled experiments to study mental processes.
    • How has understanding schemas led to practical applications in therapy?
      It has led to the development of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to change negative thought patterns.
    • What do cognitive psychologists believe about determinism?
      Cognitive psychologists are soft determinists, suggesting experience shapes schemas while allowing for conscious control.
    • What is a criticism of the computer model of the mind?
      It is criticized for being machine reductionist and not considering the complexity of human emotions.
    • What is the role of the endocrine system in behavior?
      The endocrine system releases hormones that influence behavior.
    • How does the adrenal gland influence behavior?
      The adrenal gland releases adrenaline, increasing alertness during the fight or flight response.