Leadership

• Characteristics of effective leadership

  • good communication skills
  • confident
  • motivated
  • clear goal
  • good decision maker
  • empathy
  • knowledge
  • experienced
  • charisma
  • flexible
• What is the difference between emergent and prescribed leaders?

  Emergent leaders are chosen by the group, while prescribed leaders are appointed from outside.
• What is an example of an emergent leader?

  Voting in one of the players to be captain.
• What is a benefit of having an emergent leader?

  They are more likely to be accepted by the group due to familiarity.
• What is a disadvantage of emergent leaders?

  They may lack objectivity and let friendships affect their judgments.
• What is an example of a prescribed leader?

  A new manager being appointed from another team.
• What is a benefit of having a prescribed leader?

  They can be more objective and bring a fresh perspective.
• What is a disadvantage of prescribed leaders?

  They may not be aware of the current group culture and dynamics.
• What are the three styles of leadership discussed?

  • Autocratic
  • Democratic
  • Laissez-faire
• What characterizes the autocratic leadership style?

  The leader makes all decisions and focuses on the job to be done.
• When is autocratic leadership most effective?

  When discipline and control are needed or in dangerous situations.
• Who generally prefers the autocratic leadership style?

  Novice performers, team players, and males.
• What characterizes the democratic leadership style?

  The leader shares decision-making and is more person-oriented.
• When is democratic leadership most effective?

  When group members wish to participate in decision-making.
• What characterizes the laissez-faire leadership style?

  The leader has no direct influence and lets the group make decisions.
• When is laissez-faire leadership most effective?

  For high-level performers or elite athletes who need creativity.
• What can lead to the adoption of a laissez-faire leadership style?

  If the leader is incompetent or unable to employ other styles.
• In what situations would different leadership styles be effective?

  • Autocratic: Dangerous situations, lack of time, novice performers.
  • Democratic: Advanced performers, group participation, non-dangerous situations.
  • Laissez-faire: High-level performers, individual decision-making, creativity development.
• Autocratic

  • Task orientated wants to get the job done
  • Dictatorial in style
  • They make all the decisions/ inflexible
  • Command approach
  • Show little interest in the individuals within the group / doesn’t get involved on a personal level with group
  • Focus on getting the job done/ achieving the goal/ completing the task rather than the process.
  • Has clear, pre-determined goals.  Works quickly
• Why is an autocratic leadership style effective?

  • Beginners
  • Group / large group
  • Dangerous activity
  • Complex task
  • not much time available
  • group want autocratic leader
  • experts that trust their leader
  • with males
• Democratic

  • Involve the members of the group in the task
  • Person orientated/shows interest in the individuals within the group
  • Shares decisions
  • Works slower than an autocratic leader
  • Shows interest in the individuals in the group / gets to know group on a personal level / informal
  • Takes into account individuals preferences/ ideas so goals are more changeable
  • Delegates responsibility
  • Believes that ownership of the task increases motivation
• Effectiveness of democratic

  • individual / small group tasks
  • females
  • safe
  • simple skills
  • experts
  • no time pressure
  • group want democratic leader
• Laissez faire


  Leader makes very few decisions

  Group makes the decisions / can do as they wish

  Leader takes a back seat

  Leader gives very little feedback

  Leader has very little direct influence on the group
• Effectiveness of laissez-faire

  • developing creativity
  • elite performers
  • completing assessments
  • leader fully trusts group
• What are the three theories that explain how people become leaders in sport?

  Trait, social learning, and interactionist
• What are the key points of the trait theory of leadership?

  • Leaders have innate abilities or genetic predispositions.
  • "Leaders are born, not made."
  • Leadership traits are stable and enduring.
  • Certain traits produce consistent patterns of behavior across situations.
• What is a counter argument for the trait theory of leadership?

  Leadership qualities can also be developed through experience and learning.
• What does the social learning theory of leadership propose?

  • Leadership qualities can be learned by observing others.
  • Vicarious learning and reinforcement play a role.
  • The behavior is more likely to be copied if the model is significant or a role model.
  • It considers the environment, unlike trait theory.
• How does the interactionist theory of leadership differ from trait theory?

  It suggests that innate qualities are only shown in specific situations.
• What are the components of Chelladurai's Multi-Dimensional Model of Sports Leadership?

  • Antecedents
  • Situational characteristics
  • Leader behavior
  • Consequences
  • Required behavior
  • Leader characteristics
  • Actual behavior
  • Member characteristics
  • Preferred behavior
• What do antecedents refer to in Chelladurai's model?

  Factors that affect leadership
• What are situational characteristics in the context of rock climbing?

  Environmental conditions, such as the danger of rock climbing
• What do leader characteristics refer to in Chelladurai's model?

  Leaders' preferred styles based on personality and experience
• Why is it important for a leader to be aware of member characteristics?

  To tailor their leadership style to the group's needs
• What are the three types of behavior in Chelladurai's model?

  • Required behavior: What needs to be done by the leader.
  • Preferred behavior: What the group wants the leader to do.
  • Actual behavior: Which leadership style the leader chooses to use.
• How does effective leadership occur according to Chelladurai's model?

  When actual behavior matches required and preferred behavior.
• What are the consequences of matching actual behavior with required and preferred behavior?

  • Effective leadership occurs.
  • High levels of performance and satisfaction.
  • Example: Autocratic approach for young, novice climbers leads to good performance and satisfaction.
• What happens if required behavior and actual behavior match, but differ from preferred behavior?

  Leadership can still be successful, but group satisfaction may be lower.
• What is an example of a situation where required behavior and actual behavior may differ from preferred behavior?

  A coach giving clear instructions during a time-pressured halftime talk.