Acids and Alkalis

• What are the three terms you should be able to describe by the end of the video?

  Acid, base, and alkali
• What does the pH scale indicate?

  The acidity or alkalinity of a solution
• What is the neutralization reaction between acids and alkalis?

  It produces a salt and water
• What is the formula of hydrochloric acid?

  HCl
• What does "aq" stand for when writing the formula of an acid?

  Aqueous solution, meaning dissolved in water
• Name two other common acids besides hydrochloric acid.

  Sulfuric acid and nitric acid
• What do acids produce in aqueous solutions?

  Hydrogen ions (H⁺)
• What ions do sulfuric acid and nitric acid produce in aqueous solutions?

  Sulfate ions (SO₄^2-) and nitrate ions (NO₃^-)
• What are bases?

  Chemicals that can neutralize acids producing a salt and water
• What are bases usually made of?

  Metal oxides or metal hydroxides
• What distinguishes alkalis from bases?

  Alkalis are bases that are soluble in water
• Which of the following is an alkali?

  Sodium hydroxide
• What do alkalis produce in aqueous solutions?

  Hydroxide ions (OH^-)
• What is the pH range for acids?

  0 to 6
• What pH value indicates a neutral solution?

  7
• What is the pH range for alkaline solutions?

  8 to 14
• How can the pH of a solution be determined?

  Using a pH probe or universal indicator
• What does a universal indicator do?

  Changes color depending on whether a solution is acid, alkali, or neutral
• What color does a neutral solution show with a universal indicator?

  Green
• What color indicates a very acidic solution with a universal indicator?

  Red
• What color indicates a very alkaline solution with a universal indicator?

  Purple
• What happens when an acid reacts with an alkali?

  The hydrogen ions react with the hydroxide ions to produce water
• What is the equation for the neutralization reaction?

  H⁺ + OH^- → H₂O
• What are the key characteristics of acids, bases, and alkalis?

  • Acids: Produce H⁺ ions in aqueous solution, pH 0-6
  • Bases: Neutralize acids, usually metal oxides or hydroxides
  • Alkalis: Soluble bases, produce OH^- ions in aqueous solution, pH 8-14
• What is the process of neutralization?

  • Reaction between an acid and an alkali
  • Produces water and a salt
  • Equation: H⁺ + OH^- → H₂O