B.3- Gas Laws

• What is the definition of pressure?

  Pressure is force per unit area, acting perpendicular to a surface.
• How is pressure calculated for solids?

  p = W / A (W is weight and A is area)
• What is the pressure of a liquid?

  p = density x g x height
• How do gas particles behave in a container?

  Gas particles collide with the container, changing direction and momentum, exerting force on the walls.
• What is Avogadro's number?

  6.02 x 10^23
• What does the state of a gas depend on?

  The state of a gas is described by its pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles.
• What is the definition of a mole?

  A mole is the amount of substance that contains as many entities as there are atoms in 12g of carbon-12.
• What is molar mass (Mr)?

  Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance.
• What are the properties of an ideal gas?

  • Molecules are separate point particles with negligible volume.
  • No forces between molecules except during collisions.
  • Duration of collision is negligible compared to time between
  • Collisions are elastic (no loss of kinetic energy).
  • Molecules move randomly with a range of speeds.
• What is the internal energy of a real gas?

  Sum of the potential and random kinetic energy of all molecules.
• How does a real gas behave compared to an ideal gas?

  A real gas can approximate ideal gas behavior at low density, low pressure, and high temperature.
• What are the four ideal gas laws?

  1. Gay-Lussac's Law: pressure and temperature
  2. Boyle's Law: pressure and volume
  3. Charles's Law: volume and temperature
  4. Avogadro's Law: quantity and volume
• What happens to pressure when temperature increases according to Gay-Lussac's Law?

  As temperature increases, the average speed and kinetic energy of gas molecules increase, leading to higher pressure.
• What happens to pressure when volume decreases according to Boyle's law?

  As volume decreases, distance decreases, time between collisions decreases, collisions increase, force exerted increases and pressure increases
• What happens to volume when temperature increases according to Charles' law?

  As temp. increases, speed increases, collisions with container increase, volume increases to maintain constant pressure
• What happens to quantity and volume according to Avogadro's law?

  Avogadro's Law states that the number of collisions in a gas is proportional to the number of particles at constant volume.
• What is the ideal gas law equation?

  PV = n R T
• What is the internal energy of an ideal gas?

  Sum of the KE of all the particles