The introduction of the cell

• What is the structure of the cell membrane?

  Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
• What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

  Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell
• What is the structure of the cytoplasm?

  Gel-like substance composed mainly of water, salts, and proteins
• What is the function of the cytoplasm?

  Supports and suspends cell organelles
• What is the structure of the cytoskeleton?

  Network of protein filaments (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules)
• What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

  Provides structural support and maintains cell shape
• What is the structure of the nucleus?

  Enclosed by a nuclear envelope, contains nucleoplasm, chromatin, and the nucleolus
• What is the primary function of the nucleus?

  Stores genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities
• What is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

  Network of membranous tubules and sacs; rough ER has ribosomes, smooth ER does not
• What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

  Synthesizes proteins
• What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

  Synthesizes lipids and detoxifies chemicals
• What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?

  Stacks of flattened membranous sacs
• What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

  Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids
• What is the structure of mitochondria?

  Double-membraned organelles with inner folds called cristae
• What is the primary function of mitochondria?

  Produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration
• What is the structure of lysosomes?

  Membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes
• What is the function of lysosomes?

  Breaks down waste materials and cellular debris
• What are the main components and functions of the cell membrane?

  • Structure: Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
  • Functions:
  • Regulates movement of substances
  • Provides protection
  • Facilitates communication between cells
• What are the main components and functions of the cytoplasm?

  • Structure: Gel-like substance of water, salts, and proteins
  • Functions:
  • Supports and suspends organelles
  • Facilitates cellular processes like growth and replication
• What are the main components and functions of the cytoskeleton?

  • Structure: Network of protein filaments (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules)
  • Functions:
  • Provides structural support
  • Maintains cell shape
  • Aids in cell movement and division
• What are the main components and functions of the nucleus?

  • Structure: Enclosed by nuclear envelope, contains nucleoplasm, chromatin, nucleolus
  • Functions:
  • Stores genetic material (DNA)
  • Controls cell activities
  • Facilitates RNA synthesis
• What are the main components and functions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

  • Structure: Network of membranous tubules and sacs (rough ER with ribosomes, smooth ER without)
  • Functions:
  • Rough ER: Synthesizes proteins
  • Smooth ER: Synthesizes lipids and detoxifies chemicals
• What are the main components and functions of the Golgi apparatus?

  • Structure: Stacks of flattened membranous sacs
  • Functions:
  • Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport
• What are the main components and functions of mitochondria?

  • Structure: Double-membraned organelles with inner folds (cristae)
  • Functions:
  • Produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration
• What are the main components and functions of lysosomes?

  • Structure: Membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes
  • Functions:
  • Breaks down waste materials and cellular debris