The Influence of Early Attachment

• What does the internal working model refer to in the context of early attachment?

  It is how an infant learns about relationships from experience.
• What was the key study conducted by Hazan and Shaver in 1987?

  They played 'Love Quiz' in the news to assess attachment types.
• What types of questions were included in Hazan and Shaver's 'Love Quiz'?

  Questions about current and past attachment experiences and attitudes towards love.
• How many responses did Hazan and Shaver receive for their study?

  620 responses.
• What percentage of respondents in Hazan and Shaver's study were securely attached?

  56% were securely attached.
• What correlation did Hazan and Shaver find between attachment type and love experiences?

  They found a positive correlation between attachment type and love experiences.
• What relationship did securely attached individuals have according to Hazan and Shaver's findings?

  Securely attached individuals had happy and enduring relationships.
• What behaviors are influenced by the internal working model?

  • Childhood friendships: Securely attached individuals rank highest in social competency.
  • Poor parenting: Harlow monkeys show a link between poor attachment and poor parenting.
  • Romantic relationships: Secure attachments lead to longer relationships.
  • Mental health: Attachment types influence mental health outcomes.
• What is a limitation of the research conducted by Hazan and Shaver regarding correlation?

  It is correlational and does not establish cause-and-effect relationships.
• What alternative explanation did Kagan provide for the findings of Hazan and Shaver?

  Kagan suggested that innate temperament could explain the findings.
• What is a limitation of retrospective classification in Hazan and Shaver's study?

  Recollections of early lives may be flawed and not always accurate.
• What did longitudinal studies, like Simpson et al. (2007), support regarding Hazan and Shaver's findings?

  They found higher social competency in individuals who were securely attached.
• What is a criticism regarding the determinism of insecure attachment in adult relationships?

  It suggests that insecurely attached individuals are doomed for unsatisfactory adult relationships, which is not the case.
• What conclusion did Simpson et al. (2007) reach regarding past relationships and future outcomes?

  They concluded that an individual's past does not determine the future course of relationships.
• Bowlby's theory suggests that early attachment experiences shape later relationships, with securely attached children having better social skills and emotional well-being compared to those who are not securely attached.