natural selection

• stone tools - increased complexity over time reflects advancements in the brain

  • further down in the ground they are found the older they are
• pentadactyl limb - limb with 5 digits / found in many vertabrates / suggest common ancestors / similar bone structure
• species go extinct because

  • rapid environmental change
  • high levels of hunting
  • catastophic event
  • spread of new disease
  • reduction in habitat
• binomal name

  • 1 st part - genus name
  • 2 nd part - species name
• 3 domains

  • Archea
  • bacteria
  • Eukaryotes - animal / plants / fungi / protists
• selective breeding

  • breed too things with desired characteristics
  • breed the 2 of their offspring with the most desired characteristics
  • repeat throughout generations
• cloning plants via cuttings

  • quicker
  • cheaper
• conditions from cloning plants

  • aseptic techniques
  • warm temp
  • sufficient light
  • right humidity
  • growth hormones
• genetic engineering - bacterial cells genetically engineered to produce human insulin to treat diabetes
• genetic engineering

  • restriction enzymes
  • ligase
  • complimentary sticky ends
  • reinserted back into bacteria
  • divides