Exam I

• John Locke

  • Child came into world as tabula rasa, or "blank slates"
  • Focus on role of environment and experience
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

  • Children are inherently good
• Industrial revolution

  • Childhood is recognized as a special time period of life
  • Children still labored in factories from dawn to dusk
• 20th century

  • Laws to protect child rights in labor, education, neglect
  • Juvenile courts
• Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

  • Theory of evolution
  • Use of baby biography
• G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924)

  • Child development as an academic discipline
  • Questionnaire methodology with children
• Alfred Binet (1857-1911)

  • First standardized intelligence test
• John B. Watson

  • Behaviorism - learning
  • Nurture
• The psychoanalytic perspective

  • View children (and adults) involved in conflict
  • Internal basic drives conflict with external limits
  • Internalize 'external' demands and rules
  • Conflict then occurs between those opposing inner forces
• • Freud's theory of psychosexual development
  • Erikson's theory of psychosocial development
  • Stage theories
  • Distinct periods of development
• Freud's theory of psychosexual development

  • Levels of awareness
  • Conscious and unconscious
  • Parts of personality
  • Id
  • Ego
  • Superego