Animal tissue

• What are the 4 main types of tissue

  • epithelial
  • Connnective
  • Muscle
  • Nervous
• What is epithelial tissue? 


  Covers and lines free surfaces in the body such as skin, cavities of the digestive and respiratory systems, blood vessels, heart chambers, walls of organs
• What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue ?

  • mostly made up of cells
  • Cells close together form continuous sheets
  • No blood vessels within
  • Receive nutrients by diffusion
  • Smooth surface or cilia/ microvilli
  • Short cell cycles
• what is the function of epithelial tissue?

  • protection
  • absorption
  • infiltration
  • excretion
  • secretion
• What is connective tissue

  Widely distributed in the body, consists of non living extracellular matrix containing proteins and polysacchanides

  Matrix seperates living cells within tissue and withstand forces such as weight

  Hold structures together and provide support

  Blood, bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments
• What is cartilage 


  Immmature cells - chondroblasts

  Divide by mitosis secrete extracellular matrix

  Once matrix has been synthesised the chondroblats become mature
• What are the three types of cartilage 


  Hyaline

  Fibrous

  Elastic
• What is hyaline cartilage 


  Forms embryonic skeletons, covers long bones in adults

  Joins ribs and sternum

  Found in nose, trachea, larynx (voice box)
• What is fibrous cartilage 


  Occurs in discs between vertebrae in the backbone and in the knee joint
• What is elastic cartilage

  Makes up the outer ear (pinnas) and the epiglottis (flap that closes over the larynx when you swallow)
• What does muscle tissue do 


  well vascularised ( many blood vessels)

  Muscle cells are called fibres

  They are elongated and contain special organelles called myofilaments made of protein actin and myosin

  myofilaments allow muscle tissue to contract
• What are the three types of muscle tissue 


  Skeletal - packaged by connective tissue sheets, joined to bones by tendons, these muscles contract causes bones to move

  Cardiac - make up walls of heart and allows heart to pump blood

  Smooth - occurs in the walls of intestine, blood vessel, uterus, urinary tracts
• What are the 11 organ systems in the body

  • Digestive
  • circulatory
  • Respiratory
  • urinary
  • integumentary
  • Musculo-skeletal
  • Immune
  • Nervous
  • Endocrine
  • Reproductive
  • lympn