transition metals

• What are transition metals?

  Transition metals are a group of metals including iron, copper, and chromium.
• Where are transition elements located in the periodic table?

  They are located in the central part of the periodic table.
• What are the shared physical properties of transition elements?

  • Conduct electricity in solid and liquid states
  • Shiny when freshly cut
• How do transition metals compare to group 1 metals in terms of melting points?

  Most transition metals have higher melting points than group 1 metals.
• What is a notable exception among transition metals regarding melting points?

  Mercury melts at -39°C, making it a liquid at room temperature.
• Which elements are considered typical transition elements?

  • Chromium (Cr)
  • Manganese (Mn)
  • Iron (Fe)
  • Cobalt (Co)
  • Nickel (Ni)
  • Copper (Cu)
• How do the melting points and densities of transition elements compare to non-transition metals?

  • Transition elements have higher melting points and densities than non-transition metals.
  • Example: Chromium (1890°C, 7.19 g/cm³) vs. Sodium (98°C, 0.97 g/cm³).
• How does the data show that chromium is a typical transition element compared to sodium?

  Chromium has a much higher melting point and density than sodium.
• What are the differences in chemical properties between group 1 metals and transition elements?

  • Group 1 metals react quickly with oxygen and water.
  • Transition elements react slowly or not at all with oxygen and water.
• How do transition elements react with oxygen at room temperature?

  Most transition elements react slowly or not at all with oxygen at room temperature.
• What is the reaction of copper with oxygen?

  2Cu(s) + O2(g) → 2CuO(s)
• How do group 1 metals react with water?

  Group 1 metals react vigorously with cold water.
• What happens when iron reacts with water and oxygen at room temperature?

  Iron forms hydrated iron(III) oxide, or rust.
• How do group 1 elements react with halogens?

  Group 1 elements react vigorously with halogens.
• What is the reaction of iron with chlorine?

  Fe(s) + Cl2(g) → FeCl3(s)
• What types of ions do transition elements form?

  • Transition elements form ions with different charges.
  • Example: Manganese forms Mn2+ and Mn3+ ions; Copper forms Cu+ and Cu2+ ions.
• How do the compounds formed by transition elements differ from those formed by non-transition elements?

  • Transition elements form colored compounds.
  • Non-transition elements usually form white compounds.
• What are the colors of some iron compounds?

  • Iron(II) hydroxide, Fe(OH)2: Pale green
  • Iron(III) hydroxide, Fe(OH)3: Orange-brown
  • Iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3: Red-brown
• What is a catalyst?

  • A catalyst increases the rate of reaction without being used up.
  • Example: Iron in the Haber process for ammonia production.
• What role does manganese(IV) oxide play in chemical reactions?

  Manganese(IV) oxide increases the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water.
• What is the typical position of transition elements in the periodic table?

  Transition elements are placed between groups 2 and 3.
• What is the significance of the melting points and densities of transition metals?

  They indicate that transition metals are typically stronger and harder than group 1 metals.
• What is the general trend in the reactivity of transition metals with oxygen and water compared to group 1 metals?

  Transition metals are generally less reactive with oxygen and water than group 1 metals.