rome

• What is the center of the Mediterranean Sea referred to as?

  mare nostrum
• Where is Rome located in relation to the Italian peninsula?

  At the most midpoint of the Italian peninsula
• What does the Po River valley support?

  Production
• Who were the first Romans?

  The Latins
• What were the Etruscans known for?

  Being herdsmen and farmers
• Where did the early settlers of Rome settle?

  Palatine Hills, Tiber River
• What is the adaptation of the Pantheon in Roman culture?

  • Olympian Deities: Zeus, Hera, Athena
  • Roman Deities: Jupiter, Juno, Minerva
  • Etruscans: Highly civilized, pivotal role of religion
• What was the basic unit of Roman society?

  Family
• Who was the head of the family in Roman society?

  Pater familias
• What power did the pater familias hold?

  Absolute power over the family
• How were families organized in Roman society?

  Into clans or gens and into tribes
• At what age were marriages typically arranged in Rome?

  12 to 14 years old
• What was the role of the client in the patron-client relationship?

  To render service to the patron
• What benefits did clients receive from their patrons?

  Court defense and interest representation
• What are the two main classes in Roman society?

  1. Patrician Order: Descendants of founders, political rights, large lands
  2. Plebeian Order: Common people, free citizens with voting rights
• Who were the seven legendary kings of early Rome?


  Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, Tarquinius Superbus
• What did Servius Tullius introduce to Roman society?

  Representational government and census
• What led to the end of the monarchy in Rome?


  The rape of Lucretia and subsequent exile of the Tarquins
• What was the role of the Roman army in society?

  Greatest empire builders
• What are the three branches of Roman law?

  1. Civil Law: For Roman citizens
  2. Law of Nations: For citizens and foreigners
  3. Natural Law: Product of philosophy
• What is the presumption of innocence in Roman law?

  Standard that one is considered innocent until proven guilty
• What was the significance of Roman public infrastructure?

  It included structures like the Pantheon and Colosseum
• What was the role of Latin in Roman legacy?

  It served as the lingua franca and was used by the Roman Catholic Church
• Who was Galen?


  A Greek physician known for his medical encyclopedia
• What did Claudius Ptolemaeus contribute to science?


  He wrote the Almagest and Geography
• What was the Roman legacy to humanity?

  Standard system of justice, military organization, public infrastructure, and language
• What were the key features of Roman architecture?

  • Round arch
  • Vault
  • Dome
  • Use of concrete improved with pozzolana
• What was the significance of Roman legions?

  • Military organization and discipline
  • Key to Rome's expansion and control