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Meiosis
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Created by
Lily Kilford
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Cards (23)
What is the process that forms gametes?
Meiosis
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What are gametes sometimes called?
Sex cells
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How much genetic material do gametes contain compared to normal cells?
Half
the genetic material
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What do we call cells that contain half the genetic material?
Haploid
cells
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What happens when two gametes combine?
They
form
a
normal
cell
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What do we call the normal cell formed from the combination of two gametes?
Diploid
cell
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What is the first step in meiosis?
To replicate all of the cell's
DNA
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What shape do chromosomes take after DNA replication in meiosis?
X shape
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How many different types of chromosomes do humans have?
23
different types
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How many copies of each chromosome do humans have?
Two copies
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What are maternal chromosomes?
Chromosomes
from the mother
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What are paternal chromosomes?
Chromosomes
from the father
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How many individual chromosomes does each human cell have?
46
individual chromosomes
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What happens to the chromosomes during the first division of meiosis?
The
chromosome
pairs
are
pulled apart
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What do male gametes develop into?
Sperm cells
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What is the result of the second division in meiosis?
Four genetically unique cells
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Why are gametes genetically unique?
Due to tiny changes during meiosis
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What do female gametes develop into?
Egg cells
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What happens during fertilization?
A
sperm
and
egg
fuse to form a
diploid
cell
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What are the main steps of meiosis?
DNA replication
First division:
chromosome
pairs are pulled apart
Second division: chromatids are pulled apart
Result: four genetically unique
gametes
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What does the diploid cell do after fertilization?
It divides by
mitosis
to form an
embryo
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What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?
Haploid cells: contain half the genetic material (e.g., gametes)
Diploid cells: contain two sets of genetic material (e.g., zygote)
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How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?
Random assortment of chromosomes
Crossing over during DNA replication
Unique combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes
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