density of materials

• What does density describe?

  How closely packed the particles are in a solid, liquid, or gas
• What is the formula for density?

  Density is the amount of mass per unit volume
• What are the three states of matter?

  Solid, liquid, and gas
• How are particles arranged in a solid?

  Particles are tightly packed in a regular structure
• How are particles arranged in a liquid?

  Particles are tightly packed but free to move past each other
• How are particles arranged in a gas?

  Particles are spread out and move randomly
• If a solid cube has a side length of 1 unit and contains 64 particles, how are the particles arranged?

  In a tightly packed lattice
• If a liquid cube has a side length of 1 unit and contains approximately 30 particles, how are the particles arranged?

  They are tightly packed but free to move past each other
• If a gas cube has a side length of 10 units and contains 15 scattered particles, how are the particles arranged?

  They are spread out and move randomly
• What happens to the density when the state of a material changes?

  Changing the state of a material will change its density
• Why is there little difference between the density of a liquid and its corresponding solid?

  Because the particles are tightly packed in both states
• Why is a gas less dense than a liquid or solid?

  The same mass takes up a bigger volume in a gas
• How does the density of materials vary?

  Densities depend on the material itself
• What is the density of iron in grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm³)?

  1. 8 g/cm³
• What is the density of ice in grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm³)?

  0.98 g/cm³
• What is the density of water in grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm³)?

  1 g/cm³
• What is the density of air in grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm³)?

  0.00129 g/cm³
• How is density calculated?

  Density is calculated using the equation: density = mass / volume
• What are the standard units for density, mass, and volume?

  Density in kg/m³, mass in kg, volume in m³
• What is the density unit when mass is in grams and volume is in cubic centimetres?

  Grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm³)
• What is the volume of a cube with length 1 unit?

  Volume = length × width × height
• How can the volume of an irregular shape be measured?

  Using a displacement can
• What is the aim of the density experiment?

  To measure the density of various materials
• What happens to the water level in a displacement can when an irregular object is submerged?

  The water level rises
• What are the methods to measure density for different objects?

  1. Regular solids: Measure dimensions, calculate volume, and use mass to find density.
  2. Irregular solids: Use a displacement can to measure volume and mass to find density.
  3. Liquids: Measure mass of the liquid and calculate density using mass and volume.
• What are some potential sources of experimental error in measuring density?

  Calibration differences, resolution differences, and setup errors
• Why might steel have two different density values in an experiment?

  Due to different significant figures and rounding errors
• What are the hazards and control measures in the density experiment?

  Hazard: Water spilled from displacement can

  • Consequence: Slip and fall
  • Control measures: Use a measuring cylinder to collect displaced water and prevent spills