particles in gases

• How do the particles in a gas move?

  The particles in a gas move very quickly in random directions.
• How does the speed of gas particles compare to those in liquids and solids?

  On average, gas particles move quicker than those in liquids and solids.
• What happens to a gas when it is released into a container?

  A gas spreads out quickly to fill its entire container.
• What is an example of gas spreading quickly in a room?

  The smell of an air freshener can spread all around a room very quickly.
• Why do collisions occur frequently in a gas?

  Because the particles in a gas are moving fast and randomly.
• What is the force acting on a container due to gas particle collisions?

  The force is at right angles to the container.
• How is gas pressure calculated?

  Pressure (p) is calculated using the equation \( p = \frac{F}{a} \).
• How do gas collisions affect the shape of a balloon?

  The collisions cause forces to act outwards in all directions, giving the balloon its shape.
• What units are used to measure pressure, force, and area?

  Pressure is in N/m², force is in N, and area is in m².
• What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?

  The atmospheric pressure at sea level is about 100,000 N/m².
• What factors can increase gas pressure?

  More molecules colliding each second or faster-moving molecules can increase gas pressure.
• What happens to gas pressure if the volume of the container remains constant and the temperature increases?

  The pressure of the gas increases as its temperature increases.
• What does the temperature of a gas measure?

  The temperature of a gas measures the average kinetic energy of its particles.
• How does an increase in temperature affect gas particle movement?

  Gas particles will be travelling faster and colliding with the walls of the container more frequently and with more force.
• What relationship exists between pressure and temperature in a gas?

  Pressure is directly proportional to temperature.
• What is Boyle's Law regarding gas pressure and volume?

  • Volume is inversely proportional to pressure.
  • For a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature:
  • \( p \times V = \text{constant} \)
• If a gas occupies a volume of 0.50 m³ at a pressure of 100 Pa, what is the pressure when compressed to 0.25 m³?

  The pressure will be 200 Pa.
• If a gas has a pressure of 200,000 Pa in a volume of 10 m³, what will its pressure be if the volume is reduced to 2.5 m³?

  The pressure will be 800,000 Pa.
• How can gas pressure be increased?

  • Increasing the temperature increases the force of each collision.
  • Decreasing the volume increases the number of collisions per second.
• What did Boyle conclude about the relationship between volume and pressure?

  Volume could only be inversely proportional to pressure for a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature.
• What is the significance of Boyle's experiments?

  • Provided early evidence for the particle theory.
  • Triggered the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century.
• What happens when a piston compresses gas in a cylinder?

  The pressure applied to the piston doubles and the volume inside the cylinder halves.
• What is the equation for work done on a gas?

  Work done = force × distance.
• How does mechanical work affect gas energy?

  Mechanical work transfers energy from a person's or machine's store of chemical energy to the internal energy store of the gas.
• What happens to gas pressure when its volume decreases?

  The pressure increases because particles collide more often in less space.
• Why does the temperature of gas increase when pressure increases?

  The increase in internal energy of the gas leads to an increase in temperature.
• Why does a bicycle pump get warm when used?

  Because the increased pressure leads to an increase in temperature of the gas inside.