infection and responses🦠

• define the term pathogens?

  a microrganism that causes diseases.
• what is a communicable disease?


  a disease that can spread person to person
• how can a pathagon spread?


  coughing, sneezing.
• how can the spread of disease be prevented?


  washing hands, issolating.
• name 4 types of pathogons?

  bacteria, fungi, virus, protist
• how does bacteria make you ill?


  produce toxins that damage your cells/tissues.
• how does a virus make you ill?


  living in the body and replicates causing the body cells to burst.
• what is a parasite?


  they live on or in another organism causing damage.
• how is a protist transferred?


  by a vector (insect that carries infection but doesnt get infected).
• how is fungi transferred?


  can be passed between organisms, water, wind , direct contact.
• give examples of 2 diseases caused to viruses?


  aids(HIVS), influenza(flu).
• give the name of the virus that caused discolouration in plants?

  tobacco mosaic virus
• how is measles transferred?


  droplets from coughing and sneezing (airborne).
• how is HIV tranferred?


  through bodily fluids(sexual contact, sharing needles).
• describe 2 effects of rose black spot?


  reduces photosynthesis, leaves turn yellow.
• describe how malaria can be spread by mosquitos?


  when they feed from an infected animal and then feed on another.
• what is samonella?


  bacteria that causes food poisoning.
• what is gonorrhoea?


  sexually transmitted infection(bacteria). could cause pain when peeing.
• describe the bodies defence system?


  skin acts as a barrier, mucus+hairs in the nose.
• what type of cells make up the immune system?


  white blood cells.
• what 3 methods do white blood cells do to kill pathogens?


  engulfs them, produces antibodies and antitoxins.
• what is an antigen?


  protein on the surface of a pathogen, they are specific to the type of pathogen.
• describe the process of photosynethesis?


  white blood cells indentifies the pathogen as foreign, surrounds and engulfs it then digests it.
• describe the process of producing antibodies?


  WBC recongises the antigen on the pathogen as foreign and produces antibodies that lock onto the complemetary antigen.
• what happens if the same pathogen invades the organism for the second time?


  WBC will rapidly produce specific antibodies for the pathogen to kill it before the organism even gets ill.
• what is an antitoxin?


  they counteract the toxin produced by invading pathogen preventing the organism from feeling ill.
• what is a vaccination?


  a small amount of inactive or dead pathogens.
• why does vaccionations contain dead pathogens?


  to trigger WBC to produce specific antibodies.
• what are the pros of vaccionation?

  helps/prevents control communicable diseases.
• explain the importance of vaccionation?

  memory cells can be made to enable future antibodies aganist specific pathogens.
• what is the function of painkillers?

  relielve pain and redude the symptons?
• what is the purpose of antibiotics?


  to kill/prevent the growth of bacteria without warming the body cell.
• Explain why antibiotics cant be used to treat a virus?


  Antibiotics focus on bacteria not viruse.
• What is antibiotic resistance?


  The ability of bacteria to resist the effects of antibiotics.
• Give an example of an antibiotic resistant strain of bacteria?


  MRSA
• How can we reduce the amount of antibiotics resistant of bacteria?


  Complete the full course of antibiotics.
• Where do many drugs orginally come from?


  Plants
• What drug is made from williow?


  Aspirin(Painkiller)
• What is digitalis?


  A medication derived from the foxglove plant Used to treat heart contintions.
• What did alexander fleming discover?


  Penicillin