Imported Deck

• Huntington's disease is autosomal dominant and affects both sexes and appears in every generation.
• Homozygous - contains a pair of the same allele.
• Allele - an alternate form of a gene.
• Dominant allele - expressed whether alone or in pairs and masks the expression of recessive trait.
• Genotype - the genetic composition of an individual (e.g. TT, tt, Tt).
• Maternal and paternal alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation
• Law of Segregation: Genotype refers to an organism's alleles, homozygous carries the same alleles, heterozygous carries different alleles, phenotype is the outward expression of an allele combination, wild type is the most common phenotype, mutant phenotype is a variant of gene expression due to mutation
• Mendel's Data: Shows phenotypic ratios for different traits in his experiments
• Punnett Square: A graph or chart that predicts possible gene combinations in a cross of parents
• Monohybrid Cross: Involves one characteristic, can be used to predict genotypes and phenotypes of offspring
• Law of Independent Assortment: The inheritance of one gene does not influence the chance of inheriting another gene
• Modes of inheritance are the patterns in which single-gene traits and disorders occur in families.
• Cystic fibrosis is autosomal recessive and affects both sexes and can skip generations through carriers.
• Phenotype - the physical expression of a gene or allele.
• Gene - a piece of DNA that encodes a particular trait.
• Recessive allele - expressed only in the absence of a dominant allele and is being masked.
• Zygosity - grade of similarity between alleles that determine one specific trait in an organism.
• Mendel's laws of inheritance explain trait transmission in any diploid species.
• Law of Independent Assortment: States that alleles for different traits segregate independently during the formation of gametes
• Dihybrid Cross: Study of inheritance patterns for organisms differing in two characteristics, combining two monohybrid crosses to determine if different traits are inherited independently
• Punnett Square: A square diagram used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring in a genetic cross
• Product Rule: A probability theory that predicts the chance of producing offspring with a particular genotype by multiplying the probabilities of each gene separately
• Single-Gene Inheritance: Disorders caused by mutations in a single gene, influenced by other genes and environmental factors
• Eye Color: Variation in the amount of melanin and number of melanosomes, controlled by genes such as OCA2 and HERC2
• Mendel conducted experiments on traits in pea plants and tracked 7 traits over 2 generations.
• Heterozygous - contains two different alleles.
• Mendel deduced that consistent ratios of traits in the offspring indicated that plants transmitted distinct units.
• Mendel's laws include the Law of Dominance and Recessiveness, Law of Segregation, and Law of Independent Assortment.
• Law of Dominance and Recessiveness states that one allele of the same gene masks the other allele at the same locus.