approaches

• define schema?


  mental shortcut which influences our cognitive ideas
• nature in the debate?

  biological and psychodynamic
• what is introspection?


  Self-reflection or examination of one's own thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
• what role is reinforcement in behaviour?


  strengthens and increases likely hood that the behaviour will be repeated
• nurture in the debate?


  slt , behaviourist , humanistic
• define vicarious reinforcement?


  learning through observing someone else being reinforced
• how does classical conditioning work?


  learning through association of paring an unconditioned stimulus with a neutral component over time removing stimulus and receiving the same response
• study for classical conditioning?


  Pavlovs dogs
• define congruence?


  similarity of ideal self and own self image
• define self actualisation ?


  Realizing one's full potential according to maslows pyramid
• what are freuds psychosexual stages?


  Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
• freuds personality separations?


  Id, Ego, Superego
• define behaviourist approach?


  born as blank slates , learn through interactions with the environment
• define the biological approach?


  Examining behavior through the lens of genetics, brain structure, and biochemistry.
• define the cognitive approach?


  internal working processes , mind is like a computer
• define the humanistic approach?

  Focus on individual potential and self-actualization , views people hollistically
• describe identification?


  Process of recognizing or distinguishing someone or something nas a rolemodel and learning from them
• what are mediational processes?


  Cognitive processes that occur between a stimulus and a response.
• what is operant conditioning?


  Learning through consequences and reinforcement
• operant conditioning study?


  skinners box
• 3 defence mechanisms?


  repression , denial , displacement
• strengths of psychodynamic?


  importance of unconscious factors , childhood experiences , applications such as therapy
• limitations of psychodynamic?

  largely from studying mentally ill adult hard to generalise , based on case studies , unscientific
• strengths of behaviourist?


  scientific so objective and replicable , has real life application such as therapy
• limitations of behaviourism?


  very simplistic , environmental determinism ignore free will ,
• strengths of SLT?

  considers cognitive , explains initiation of behaviour
• weakness of SLT ?


  not full explanation , lab studies low ecological validity , environmental determinism
• strengths of cognitive?


  application for treatments , dominant , scientific
• limits of cognitive?


  low ecological validity , machine reductionism , simplistic
• strengths of humanistic?


  free will , values personal experiences , holistic approach
• limits of humanistic?


  less impact , cultural relativism , vague and subjective
• strengths of bio ?


  scientific , real life application
• limits of bio ?


  doesnt consider environment , reductionist , biological determinism
• describe oral stage?


  sucking and tasting , causes dependency and aggression
• describe anal stage?


  bladder and bowel movements , causes destructive or ordered personality
• describe phallic stage?


  child identifies with same sex parent and notices gender differences , causes confused sexual identity
• describe the latency stage?


  focuses on social skills , important for self confidence
• describe genital stage?


  sexual interests and focus on relationships , problems carried over previous stages
• what are conditions of worth?

  Conditions of worth are external standards or expectations that individuals believe they must meet in order to receive love, acceptance, or approval from others and can create incongruence